Basic knowledge of fasteners and product standards

Fasteners are a type of mechanical part used for fastening and are widely used. Features of the fasteners: There are many kinds and specifications of the fasteners, and their performance and use are different, and the degree of standardization, serialization, and generalization is extremely high. Therefore, it is also known as a standard fastener for a type of fastener that already has a national (industry) standard, or simply a standard one.

The specific requirements for each specific fastener product's specifications, dimensions, tolerances, weights, properties, surface conditions, marking methods, and inspection, marking, and packaging items are specified separately in several national (industry) standards. For example, there are English, German and American systems.

Fasteners are the most widely used mechanical basic parts. With China's accession to the WTO in 2001 and entering the ranks of major countries in international trade. Fast fastener products that are exported to fasteners in many countries in the world and countries in the world are also pouring into the Chinese market. Fasteners, as one of the products with a large import and export volume in China, are in line with international standards. They are of great significance to promoting the global fastener industry in China and promoting the full participation of fastener companies in international cooperation and competition. Strategic significance.

Fasteners are the general term for a type of mechanical part that is used when two or more parts (or components) are fastened together to form a whole. Also known as standard parts in the market.

It usually includes the following 12 types of parts:

1. Bolt: A type of fastener consisting of a head and a threaded rod (cylindrical body with external threads), which is required to cooperate with a nut and is used to fasten two parts with through holes. This type of connection is called a bolted connection. If the nut is unscrewed from the bolt, the two parts can be separated, so the bolt connection is a detachable connection.

2. Stud: A type of fastener with no head and only threads on both ends. When connected, one end must be screwed into a part with an internally threaded hole and the other end through a part with a through hole, and then screw on the nut, even if the two parts are fastened together in one piece. This type of connection is called a stud connection and it is also a detachable connection. It is mainly used for occasions when one of the connected parts has a large thickness, requires a compact structure, or is frequently used for bolting because of frequent disassembly.

3. Screw: It is also a type of fastener composed of two parts of the head and the screw. It can be divided into three categories according to the purpose: machine screws, set screws and special purpose screws. The machine screw is mainly used for a part with a tight threaded hole, and a fastening connection with a part with a through hole, and does not require a nut to be fitted (this type of connection is called a screw connection and is also a detachable connection; it can also be Fits with a nut for fastening connections between two parts with through holes.) Set screws are used to fix the relative position between two parts. Special-purpose screws such as eyebolts are used for lifting parts.

4. Nuts: With internal threaded holes, the shape is generally flat hexagonal, cylindrical or flat cylindrical, with bolts, studs or machine screws, used to fasten two parts, so that It becomes a whole.

5. Self-tapping screws: similar to machine screws, but the thread on the screw is a special thread for self-tapping screws. It is used to fasten and connect two thin metal components into a single piece. The small holes need to be made in advance on the components. Because the screws have a high hardness, they can be screwed directly into the holes of the components to make the components Responsive internal threads are formed. This type of connection is also a detachable connection.

6. Wood screws: also similar to machine screws, but the thread on the screw is a special wood screw with ribs that can be screwed directly into the wooden member (or part) for the metal (or non-metal) with a through hole The parts are fastened together with a wooden member. This connection is also a detachable connection.

7. Gasket: A type of fastener that is oblate in shape. Placed between the supporting surface of the bolt, screw or nut and the surface of the connecting part, play the role of increasing the contact surface area of ​​the connected parts, reducing the pressure per unit area and protecting the surface of the connected parts from being damaged; another type of elastic gasket, Can also play a role in preventing the nut from loosening.

8. Retaining ring: It is installed in the shaft groove or hole groove of the machine and equipment and acts to prevent the parts on the shaft or hole from moving left or right.

9. Pin: mainly used for positioning of parts, and some can also be used to connect parts, fix parts, transmit power or lock other fasteners.

10. Rivet: A type of fastener consisting of a head and a shank that is used to fasten parts (or components) that connect two through-holes into a single piece. This type of connection is called rivet connection, or simply riveting. Generic and non-detachable connection. Because the two parts that are connected together must be separated, the rivet on the part must be destroyed.

11. Assembly and connection pair: The assembly refers to a type of fastener that is supplied in combination, such as a certain type of machine screw (or bolt, self-supply screw) and a flat washer (or spring washer, lock washer) combined supply; Sub-finger A type of fastener that supplies a special combination of bolts, nuts, and washers, such as high-strength large hex head bolts for steel structures.

12. Weld nails: Because of the different types of fasteners made up of light energy and nail heads (or no nail heads), they are fixedly attached to a part (or component) by welding so that they can be connected to other parts.

Each fastener product has to involve several aspects of the standard:

1) Standards for dimensions of fasteners: Specifies the basic dimensions of the product. Threaded products also include the basic dimensions of the thread, thread finish, shoulder clearance, undercuts and chamfers, and ends of externally threaded parts. Size and other aspects.

2) Standards for technical conditions of fastener products. Specific include the following content standards:

a) Standards for fastener product tolerances: Specify the product size tolerances and geometric tolerances.

b) Standards for the mechanical properties of fastener products: The method of marking the mechanical performance grade of the product and the contents of the mechanical performance items and requirements; some fastener products will be changed to the material properties or performance Aspect content.

c) Standards for surface defects of fastener products: Specify the types of surface defects and specific requirements of the product.

d) Standards for Surface Treatment of Fastener Products: Specifies the type of surface treatment and specific requirements of the product.

e) Standards for the testing of fastener products: The contents of the various performance requirements specified above are specified.

3) Standards for acceptance inspection, marking and packaging of fastener products: specify the qualified quality level and sampling plan of the product during the inspection and acceptance of the product, and the contents of the product marking method and packaging requirements.

4) Standards for Marking Methods of Fastener Products: Specifies the contents of the complete marking method and the simplified marking method.

5) Standards for fasteners in other aspects: standards for terms in fasteners, standards for the weight of fasteners, etc.

Based on all the above knowledge, I think we must have more understanding of fasteners, and there is also a certain amount of help in your career development. It is often said that knowing oneself and knowing oneself is the best way to win victories! If people who are not familiar with the product, are they important to succeed?