The world's first fertilizer produced by human inventions is a compound fertilizer ( mixed fertilizer containing guanosine and sulphuric acid to produce nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements ) , but that is low in concentration, along with chemical fertilizers. the development of industry, humans have invented a high concentration of elemental fertilizer, due to the awareness of balanced fertilization, rational fertilization technology continues to improve, especially the development of soil recommendation fertilization, people are again various elemental fertilizers from use, This has promoted the development of fertilizer compounding and compounding process. China has developed the compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer industry suitable for China based on the fact that it has fully borrowed these advanced experiences from abroad.
The advantage of compound fertilizer is that it is the product of combining the principle of balanced fertilization with technology and fertilizer products, or it is the product of materialization of scientific and technological achievements. From the current point of view, it still has strong vitality, and will continue to develop and constantly improve. It will still develop with the progress and development of scientific balanced fertilization technology and the advancement of technology, which is the era of high-tech development. there will be constantly updated high-tech achievements into soluble fertilizer to go.
( 1 ) Fertilizer effect of compound fertilizer
From the comparison of fertilizer efficiency and conventional fertilization, the compound fertilizer with reasonable formula is always higher than the fertilizer effect of conventional fertilization: the principle is that the effect of balanced fertilization ( measured soil fertilization or formula fertilization ) is always better than The effect of conventional ( habitual ) fertilization. The compound fertilizer with scientific and technical content, whether it is a fertilizer suitable for various crops in certain areas, or a special fertilizer suitable for various crops in certain areas, is produced according to the principle of balanced fertilization , and the effect in the field. Better than local custom fertilization. At present, China's development of higher technological content of mixed fertilizer, fully meet the different soils, different crops nutritional needs are common problems lesson agricultural research and industrial production sectors.
( 2 ) Reasonable application of compound fertilizer
The yield increase effect of compound fertilizer is related to soil fertility, crop type, fertilizer nutrient form, dosage and ratio, and application technology.
1. Because the soil administration
At present, the area of ​​potassium deficiency in the soil of southern China is expanding, and the degree of phosphorus deficiency is moderate. It is advisable to apply nitrogen, potassium (N , K) -based compound fertilizer. In most areas of the north, the effect of phosphate fertilizer is significant, and potassium fertilizer is not effective for the time being. It is advisable to apply nitrogen-phosphorus (N , P) -based compound fertilizer. However, economic crops and high-yield areas should promote the application of NPK (N , P , K) ternary compound fertilizer, and the yield increase effect is more significant. In the eight rice trials of the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the average available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) in soil were 10.9 mg / kg and 30 mg / kg, respectively, that is, under the condition of phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency. NPK (NPK) fertilizer 20.8 kg. The ratio of nitrogen (N) , phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) is 1 to 0.6 to 0.48 , the average yield per mu is 374.5 kg / mu, and the nitrogen and phosphorus (N , P) compound fertilizer is 16 kg, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus. The ratio of (P2O5) is 1 to 0.6 , the average yield per mu is 330.1 kg; the application of nitrogen and potassium (N , K) compound fertilizer is 14.8 kg, the ratio of nitrogen (N) to potassium (K2O) is 1 to 0.48 , and the average yield per mu is 358 kg. . This seen by a little difference in the yield of N and K fertilizer with the NPK on such soil, fertilizer yield little effect.
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences tea leaves after years of tests showed that soil nitrogen hydrolysis of 100 to 150 mg / kg, 15 to 20 mg phosphorus / kg, available potassium 50-80 mg / kg tea garden, an to 2 The effect of 1 to 1 type compound fertilizer is better. If the available phosphorus in the soil is below 10 mg / kg and the effective potassium is less than 50 mg / kg, the application of high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer is better.
Compound fertilizer application should also hate local soil nutrients. And the actual situation such as climate change is flexible. Some crops and plots also need to add some trace elements to the compound fertilizer.
2. Due to crop application
According to the variety of crops and different nutritional characteristics, select suitable compound fertilizer varieties. For example, chlorine-free tobacco administered compound fertilizer tobacco leaf thickness may be increased to improve the combustion and tobacco flavor; fruit, watermelon and other crops can be reduced fruit compound fertilizer administration acidity increase sweetness; sugarcane, The application of ternary compound fertilizer to sugar beet can increase its sugar content; cereal crops are mainly determined according to the soil nutrient abundance. Specific compound because of the need to increase processing costs, the use of economic crops, benefits will be higher. According to the results of various local experiments, the proportion of suitable nutrients for applying compound fertilizers on several economic crops is roughly the same. Cotton is selected from about 1 : 0.5 : 1 or 1 : 0.5 : 0.5 compound fertilizer; hemp is 1 : 0.35 : 0.8 ; sugar cane is 1 : 0.23 : 1.1 ; sweet rai is 1 : 0.7 : 0.8 ; peanut, soybean is 1 : 2: 1; watermelon 1: 0.4: 0.8; and young apple seedlings of period 1: 1: 0.5, administered as a 1 in the year results tree: 0.4: 0.8; tea is generally 1: 0.5 1 : 0.5 ～ 1 ; In the case of tea, more phosphorus fertilizer should be applied in the black tea producing area, and more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the green tea producing area.
3. Apply in the form of nutrients
The nature of compound fertilizer is mainly determined by its nutrient form. Nitrate-containing nitrogen is used less or not in paddy fields; strontium-soluble phosphorus is more suitable for acid soil application, and high chloride ion is not suitable for tobacco, potato, etc. Apply to chlorine sensitive crops. The water-soluble phosphate compound fertilizers in Table 2-7 refer to the average yields of urea ammonium phosphate, urea heavy calcium, and urea calcium. These varieties of compound fertilizer fertilizer is more stable in a variety of floods, droughts and crop fields north and south of our country are suitable. Compared with the nitrophosphate fertilizer compound fertilizer, there is a certain difference in the fertilizer efficiency in the soil with different effective phosphorus content. The lower the available phosphorus content of the tested soil, the better the fertilizer effect of the water-soluble phosphate fertilizer. Some tests can achieve "significant" or "very significant" levels through significant measurements. Therefore, water-soluble phosphorus compound fertilizer should be applied to soils that are seriously deficient in phosphorus.
Nitrogen contained in the nitrophosphate and NPK fertilizers, half of which are nitrate nitrogen, are easily leached on the rainy southern slopes and paddy fields, and the fertilizer efficiency is reduced. Therefore, such compound fertilizers should be applied to dryland soils, especially for dry crops in the north.
4. Based on the basics
There are phosphorus or phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the compound fertilizer, and the fertilizer is mostly granular, which is slower than the single fertilizer. Therefore, it is better to use base fertilizer or seed fertilizer. The soil and fertilizer of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences is being tested in North China. In the case of additional elemental nitrogen fertilizer for topdressing in the early or middle stage of crop growth, both the binary and ternary compound fertilizers are based on the basic application, and the basic fertilizers are used to reduce the yield. . The reduction in production is above 6 %. According to the Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences Soil and Fertilizer experiments on wheat, not even during crop growth plus chase elemental nitrogen fertilizer, fertilizer effect of single basal application of basal fertilizer better than half of the practice.
Is the compound fertilizer applied well in the whole plough layer or is it used as a fertilizer strip? Most of the results suggest that the difference between the two is not significant in high-fertility soils, but the effect of applying fertilizers in the middle and low-yield fields is better, and the yield of wheat is increased by 6.3 % and the yield of corn is increased by 6.5 %. Seeds and fertilizers must be separated by the application of fertilizers, otherwise the emergence rate will be seriously affected and the yield will be reduced. When the amount of compound fertilizer is high, the base fertilizer is mainly used. When the dosage is small, it can be concentrated as seed fertilizer. At the growth stage, the appropriate amount of elemental nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to the seedling condition. In the case of insufficient base fertilizer or base fertilizer, early recovery of appropriate amount of compound fertilizer also has a good yield increase effect. The perennial crops are all fed with compound fertilizers with appropriate nutrient ratio during the whole growth period, and the yield increase effect is also good.
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