On the vast sea, the 9th-level winds are mad, the size of the football field, the 43-storey rig is standing tall, and the 3,000-meter underwater drill bit rotates normally, as usual.
This is the first 3,000-meter deep-water semi-submersible offshore oil drilling platform independently designed and constructed in China. In addition to not being afraid of storms, it can operate at a depth of 3,000 meters and a maximum drilling depth of 12,000 meters. With it, China's offshore oil and gas exploration will advance from the shallow sea of ​​300 meters to the deep sea of ​​several kilometers; with it, China is expected to leap to the high end of the marine equipment manufacturing industry.
This is just a microcosm of the high-end breakthrough in China's equipment manufacturing industry. In recent years, China has combined the major project construction and key industry needs, and vigorously implemented the localization support project. Some major technical equipments have completed the “first set†production, and the equipment manufacturing industry has achieved a breakthrough from low to high.
This is just the beginning of creating a leap to China. Although the high-end breakthrough has already begun, China's equipment manufacturing industry must truly stand up to the world, and it still needs to settle many thorns and thorns, and has experienced numerous challenges and tests.
Breakthrough from low to high
A regulation that is conducive to the development of high-end equipment manufacturing industry has recently arrived.
Recently, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the General Administration of Customs, and the State Administration of Taxation jointly issued the "Notice on the Import and Export Tax Policies for Major Science and Technology". From July 15 this year, the National Medium- and Long-Term Science and In the Outline of Technology Development Plan (2006-2020), the units of the major special projects for civil science and technology (projects) import key equipment, parts and components and raw materials that cannot be produced domestically, and are exempt from import duties and import value-added tax. This policy aims to support the country's major strategic products, key common technologies and major research and development, and will effectively promote the development of high-end equipment manufacturing.
The high-end equipment manufacturing industry refers to the high-end part of modern manufacturing industry. It is an industry that provides advanced technology and equipment for all major industries in the national economy. It is an integrated carrier of various industrial technologies, information technologies and various emerging technologies. Its development is directly related. Industrial upgrading and technological progress in various industries. Therefore, to the high-end extension, from the high-end breakthrough, to seize the high-end field, is the choice, is the decision, is more strategic. In recent years, China has successively issued a series of measures to adjust and encourage and encourage policies. The development environment of high-end equipment manufacturing industry has been continuously optimized, the industrial innovation capability has been significantly enhanced, and the level of science and technology has been greatly improved. Breakthroughs from low-end to high-end have been launched in many fields.
On July 8, China's first R&D, design and construction of the world's first UHV DC transmission demonstration project - Sichuan Xiangjiaba to Shanghai ± 800 kV UHV DC transmission project put into operation, in voltage class, transmission capacity, power transmission The distance and technical level have reached the highest in the world, and the localization rate is 67%. At the beginning of the year, the southeastern Shanxi-Nanyang-Hebei Jingmen 1000 kV UHV AC transmission demonstration project was completed, with a localization rate of 90%. In 2009, the actual power transmission was 8.4 billion kWh. The construction of these two projects has allowed China to occupy the commanding heights of international high-voltage transmission technology and equipment.
The 1000 MW ultra-supercritical thermal power unit automatic control system has passed the localization acceptance test. The 700,000-kilowatt hydropower unit of the Three Gorges Project with the largest single-unit capacity in the world has been independently developed. The world's longest 72-meter boom concrete pump truck, the largest diameter developed by China. A large number of products such as 11.22m shield machine, super heavy double column vertical CNC floor boring and milling machine, super large open pit mining excavator, 1000 MW ultra-supercritical air-cooled steam turbine and 3 MW offshore wind power equipment reach or lead the world...
From the "first set" to the "first batch" upgrade
Careful people will find that when describing the Chinese equipment manufacturing industry from the low end to the high end, such a keyword frequently appears: the first set.
Undoubtedly, in the face of fierce international competition and strong technical barriers, the industry, academia and research institutes in the field of equipment manufacturing in China have joined hands to tackle the problem and have gone through many hardships, and have repeatedly achieved the breakthrough of the “first setâ€. The birth of the "first set" is a sign that China's equipment manufacturing industry has achieved high-end breakthroughs.
However, the implicit meaning of the "first set" is also worth exploring and thinking. "The 'first set' phenomenon shows that China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry is showing a single-point flowering and partial breakthrough." Cai Weici, executive vice president of the China Machinery Industry Federation, said that China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry has not yet formed a strong The manufacturing capacity is still far from the world power.
Cai Weici said that being able to make the "first set" does not necessarily make the "first batch". For example, the large forgings used in the third generation of nuclear power can make the first one, and it does not mean that the second piece can be made. The third one; can make a single machine is not necessarily able to complete production. Another example is the million-ton ethylene plant. Due to its design and complicated process route, we can only manufacture by “a la carte†and break through in a single machine. Therefore, the "first set" has achieved a "zero" breakthrough in high-end equipment manufacturing to a certain extent. If it cannot become the "first batch", the situation of domestic high-end equipment "less" can not be fundamentally changed. Cai Weici stressed that the equipment manufacturing industry chain is particularly long, steelmaking, casting, forging, heat treatment, cold processing... also involves design, process, management and many other aspects. Only by mastering the inherent laws of each link in the industrial chain can we achieve the first Set "to the first batch" upgrade. This is a complicated process that requires years of development experience and manufacturing experience, not a day's work.
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the speed of China's manufacturing rise, the growth rate, and the momentum have attracted worldwide attention. At present, China's manufacturing has accounted for 14% of the global manufacturing industry, ranking second in the world; among the 22 industrial categories, 7 major categories of industry leap to the world's first; more than 210 industrial products in the world The first place; industrial products account for 12.7% of global trade, and it is the world's largest exporter of industrial products. But the low-end is China's position in the global manufacturing industry value chain. The machine tool industry is the most typical. "There are too few good things," Wu Bolin, executive vice president of China CNC Machine Tool Industry Association, lamented that when it became the world's largest consumer of machine tools and the largest importer in the world for eight consecutive years, the output value of China's machine tool industry also jumped last year. The world's first, but high-end CNC machine tools still rely on imports, CNC systems and functional components of high-end CNC machine tools mainly from overseas.
There is another reason why the "first set" is difficult to become the "first batch". China has the largest number of machine tool manufacturers in the world, but it lacks the famous multinational machine tool group and world-class "fine, special, special" small giant enterprise. . Without such a company, the core technology level, independent innovation capability and resource integration capability of the entire industry are weak.
These facts and phenomena all indicate that it is extremely urgent to speed up the adjustment and upgrading of Chinese manufacturing to high-end products and strive to consolidate the competitiveness of high-end products.
Leap from "manufacturing" to "creation"
For China's equipment manufacturing industry, to break through the high-end, stand firm and high-end, the fundamental path is to quickly create a leap to China. The “creation†mentioned here is a collection of “innovation†and “manufacturingâ€.
Vigorously implementing re-innovation projects is a realistic innovation path. We know that the dependence of imports on the whole machine, the import of key functional parts and core components is the status quo of China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry. Under this circumstance, the original innovation is to be done, but it is difficult. Lu Yanxi, an adviser to the China Machinery Industry Federation, said that innovation on the basis of introduction, digestion and absorption can quickly grasp the core technology and produce high-end equipment products.
Making enterprises truly become the mainstay of innovation is the key to improving the innovation capability and level of equipment manufacturing. Wu Bolin said that it is a good thing to develop some major equipment developments to form an industry-university-research alliance. However, it is necessary to highlight the main position of enterprises in the alliance. Otherwise, the "feasibility report" may deviate from the market, deviate from demand, and deviate from the industry. Become a "collectability report."
Focusing on improving manufacturing capabilities and competitiveness is also one of the keys to cracking down the "first set" dilemma. "In terms of high-end CNC machine tools, it is demand-oriented, with the host as the traction, with the support of numerical control systems and functional components, to comprehensively improve the manufacturing competitiveness." Wu Berlin stressed that the development and attention to the development of parts and functional parts, Only by clarifying the "technical mystery" hidden inside the machine can it be possible to create a perfect machine.
Expand the investment in experimental conditions and consolidate the foundation of high-end equipment manufacturing. Cai Weici said that the country now spends a lot of investment in the equipment manufacturing industry, but a considerable part of it has invested in factories and processing equipment, and has not invested much in research and experimental equipment. It is necessary to pay attention to the equipment construction of research centers and laboratories. Although these inputs can not be quickly converted into production capacity like the investment in processing equipment, this kind of slow effort is based on the foundation and foundation, and it can accumulate thin hair. He also stressed that it is necessary to pay attention to cultivating high-level development teams and attaching importance to accumulating research and development and manufacturing experience.
Demonstrate the demonstration project. In a certain sense, the growth of the high-end equipment manufacturing industry depends on user support or not. The "first set" is definitely not mature, there is a gap, but it must be continuously improved in the application. The demonstration project is a good way to promote the application of the “first setâ€. Now, the country has launched a number of demonstration projects, but also to expand the scope, focusing on the core components of automotive manufacturing. At the same time, industry experts recommend setting up user risk gold and encouraging the “first set†to be applied as soon as possible.
If all of the above are attempts at the surface, it is more important to pay attention to the deeper discussion. For example, it is necessary to change the concept and shift its focus from the pursuit of the total volume speed to the improvement of the core competitiveness. This transformation will be directly related to the process of China's economic restructuring and transformation of development methods. For another example, rethinking China's manufacturing industry system, attaching importance to the improvement of basic capabilities and the accumulation of manufacturing experience. This is like solving a math problem. If you don't really master the principle, you may solve one or two questions, but you can't do it one by one.
"China equipment, equipment China" is our dream. What we can do now is to base ourselves on the manufacturing base of our country, aim at the high-end of the global production system, vigorously adjust the structure, upgrade the industry, and strive to achieve core technology autonomy, localization of high-end products, and high value-added export products.
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