I. Fertigation Fertilization Technology
Irrigation and fertilization is an advanced agricultural technology that combines fertilization with irrigation. It is a combination of solid or liquid fertilizers through a pressure irrigation system to produce irrigation water containing crop nutrient requirements.
The development of fertigation technology in China began in 1974 and has been rapidly promoted in recent years. In 2005, the International Conference on Fertigation and Fertilization was successfully held. In early 2006, under the initiative of the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and China Agricultural University, China The “National Fertigation and Fertilization Cooperation Network†was established, which will effectively promote the integration and application of water-saving irrigation facilities and fertilization technologies in China, and mark the development of agricultural water-saving irrigation and fertilization technology in China has entered a new stage.
Second, the advantages of fertigation and
1. Water saving, fertilizer saving, and improving fertilizer utilization rate. Irrigation and fertilization, except for the amount of ground irrigation, is slightly more. In facility cultivation, drip irrigation and micro-irrigation can save 30% to 40% of water. Compared with common fertilization, fertigation has the characteristics of timely fertilizer supply, easy nutrient absorption by crops, and high fertilizer utilization rate. Generally, it can save 30% to 50% of chemical fertilizer and increase production by 10%.
2. Simplify field fertilization operations and reduce fertilization labor. Drip fertigation only needs to add some necessary equipment, it can be automated fertilization, the soluble fertilizer will enter the soil with water droplets, the operation is very small, and the crops (especially the cultivated crops in the greenhouse) can be avoided during the growth period due to the conventional method of fertilization. Damage caused by roots, stems and leaves.
3. Fertigation is suitable for a variety of crops. According to the characteristics of fertigation technology, combined with the distribution of agricultural production and natural resources in China, there are three main types of crop fertilization applied in China: Category 1: 1 fruit tree. Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, chestnuts, ginkgo, citrus, kiwi, etc. 2 vegetable melons. Eggplant, tomato, bell pepper, rape, celery, lettuce, cucumber, watermelon, melon, shiitake mushroom, oyster mushroom, enoki mushroom, etc. 3 flower classes. Rose, gladiolus, lily, etc. 4 medicinal materials. American ginseng and so on. In addition, gardens, green spaces, nurseries, tea gardens, etc. are all suitable for fertigation. Category 2: Economic crops such as Daejeon cotton. Category 3: Large-area field crops and oil crops for farmers in the rain-fed agricultural areas in the northwestern region with severe drought and water shortage.
4. Prevent soil compaction and environmental pollution. Irrigation and fertilization strictly control the amount of irrigation water and fertilizer application, avoiding the leaching of chemical fertilizers into deep soils, causing soil and groundwater pollution; effectively controlling the amount of fertilizer application and fertilization time, avoiding soil degradation such as soil compaction caused by excessive fertilization problem.
The key areas for the application and development of fertigation technology in China are hilly areas and sloping areas with severe drought and water shortage in the north, including areas where soil erosion is serious and urgently needed to be treated. In addition, there are large and medium-sized cities and towns with economic and agricultural production. .
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