First, the main diseases and prevention of ornamental pineapples
The diseases of ornamental pineapples can be divided into two categories, one is called non-infectious diseases, also called physiological diseases, which are caused by environmental conditions such as light, temperature, water, fertilizer and other discomfort. These diseases are more common when growing pineapples. The other type is called infectious disease, which is caused by the infestation of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and the like.
(1) Heart rot and root rot
In plants suffering from heart rot, the base tissue of the leaf cylinder becomes soft and rotten, and has an odor. The leaf or the leaf can be removed by gently lifting the blade or the leaf tube. If it is not moved for a long time, the leaf tube will fall on its own. Root rot strain, the root tip becomes black brown or rot, not long lateral root, thus affecting the absorption of water and fertilizer by the plant, the plant grows slowly and weakens. If the cultivation substrate is poorly drained or watered too much, the pH of the water is higher than 7.0, the water contains high calcium and high sodium salts, the ventilation conditions are poor when the seedlings are packaged, the seedlings pile up too long before planting, the high temperature and high humidity season, etc. May cause heart rot or root rot.
In order to prevent heart rot or root rot, in addition to the problems of substrate, watering and water quality, after planting and high temperature and high humidity season, 75% of the evil MnZn 400 times solution or 40% ethyl phosphine can be used. Aluminum 400 times liquid to water the leaf tube once a month for 3 times. Seedlings can be soaked with 40% ethyl phosphine aluminum 800 times for 10 minutes, remove the dried and then the basin.
(2) Leaf tip yellowing withered (dry tip, dry tail)
Irrigation water quality is too strong or high in calcium and sodium, air humidity is too low, excessive fertilization or liquid fertilizer concentration is too high (causing salt to accumulate in the leaf tip, causing salt damage, separation and dehydration of protoplasts), poor drainage of the matrix (resulting in rotten roots) , water can not be fully supplied to the tip of the leaf, etc., may cause the yellowing of the pineapple leaf tip.
The ornamental pineapple is native to the tropics and is a high-temperature growing plant that is not cold-tolerant. However, it is best to keep above 5 °C in winter, otherwise cold damage may occur. The diseased department became dry after drying, and the cold damage caused the plants to die.
Second, the main pests and control of ornamental pineapples
(a) scale insects
The most common pests in the cultivation of ornamental pineapples are scale insects. The scale insects are small, mostly brown and yellow, and also white, with worms of about 1 to 3 mm, egg round or oval. The scale insects burn the juice by sucking the leaves, thereby producing chlorotic spots on the leaves, which have an adverse effect on the growth of the leaves. The wounds may be accompanied by the mucus of the insects, which may cause black mold again.
When the eggs of the scale insects hatch, the nymphs move, looking for edible leaves, and then secrete a layer of protective wax, no longer moving. When the egg is just hatching, the shell has not been thickened. At this time, the spraying effect is best. The general organophosphorus pesticides such as dichlorvos, malathion, and chlorpyrifos can be used for prevention and treatment. When the scale insects are fixed, because they have a layer of waxy covering protection, they can only be controlled by systemic pesticides. Common pesticides are dimethoate, omethoate, and acephate. A small amount of scale insects can also be scraped off manually with nails.
(2) Red spider
The red spider, which belongs to the leafhopper, has a very small body and a body length of 0.5 mm or less. It can be seen with a naked eye to see tiny red spots. It mainly inhabits the base of the leaf back or the leaf axils, and the reproduction speed is extremely fast, and the seedlings are more susceptible to it. Harmful, especially in the dry season. The red spider sucks the sap of the leaf after puncturing the leaf epidermis and causes damage to the growth of the plant. A yellowish chlorotic spot appears in the hazard area and later turns into a brown plaque. In addition to the common organophosphorus pesticides such as imipenem, dimethoate, omethoate, dichlorvos, etc., there are also acaricides specially used to kill red spiders, such as dicofol, ketone, gram, bromine Ester and the like.
(three) bag moth
The bag moth has a characteristic that after the larva hatches, the silkworms on the leaves stick together the bitten leaves to form a protective sac, and the worms are hidden in the sac. When the leaves of the pineapple are harmed, the mesophyll is usually eaten, leaving only a layer of transparent epidermis, and the epidermis becomes dry and becomes a hole or a gap or break. There are many pesticides for controlling bag moths, such as trichlorfon, dichlorvos, dimethoate, omethoate, malathion, and chlorpyrifos.
(4) Caterpillars
The larvae of the poisonous moth are often called caterpillars, which can damage the leaves and flowers and eat them as nicks or breaks. Common organophosphorus or pyrethroid insecticides can be used to spray caterpillars.
(5) Snail
The snail has a shell in vitro, a larger snail shell is oblate, and the other smaller snail shell is oblate. The common hazard of viewing pineapples is the latter, which mainly uses small tongues to scrape small flowers. Snails are bright and wet, and in case of rainy days, day and night activities are harmful. When it is dry, it lurks during the day and comes out at night. The snails are slow, and the place where they climb will leave mucus.
The snails can be smashed with lime powder on the ground, or captured by hand, or used to make traps with leaves, weeds, leaves, etc. Before the dawn, the snails lurk under the trap and collect them.
(6) Spodoptera litura
Spodoptera litura is also called the lotus flower moth, the twill night thief, and the larvae mainly harm the flowers of the pineapple, feeding on the petals, stamens and pistils. Generally, they hide in the dark places such as potting soil and pot bottom during the day, and come out to eat in the evening, but in the rainy days, they can also eat outside during the day. The pesticides for controlling caterpillars can be used to control the larvae of Spodoptera litura.
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