[China Aluminum Industry Net] Energy conservation and emission reduction are issues of global concern. As an important part of energy conservation and emission reduction, building energy conservation is also receiving much attention. Under the promotion of building energy-saving policies, a large number of new energy-saving environmental protection doors and windows have emerged, such as aluminum alloy energy-saving doors and windows, glass and steel energy-saving doors and windows, and aluminum-plastic composite doors and windows. This paper analyzes the factors that affect the heat loss of doors and windows, and proposes the main ways of energy saving of doors and windows. At present, due to the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, energy consumption has risen sharply with the continuous increase in the total construction volume. From the policy level analysis, many policies related to building energy conservation have not been formed. From the perspective of habitual thinking, people in China are not very aware of the use of energy-saving doors and windows.
For the windows and doors industry, the enthusiasm for research, promotion, and utilization of advanced technologies and products is not strong. The relevant measures for doors and windows have not yet formed a complete set of systems, and the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction has not been implemented. In building energy efficiency, the role of doors and windows can not be overlooked. To evaluate whether a building is energy-efficient, it depends on whether or not the resources have been greatly saved during the entire life cycle of the building, including energy saving, land saving, water saving and material saving. Protect the environment and reduce pollution, whether it provides people with a healthy and efficient use of space, whether it is a natural and harmonious symbiotic architecture.
First, the high energy consumption of windows and doors With the introduction of new energy-saving standards for building energy in China, energy-saving doors and windows are favored by the market. At present, Tianjin, Anhui and other places have also introduced local building energy conservation standards and actively accelerated the pace of building energy conservation. At present, China is currently at the peak of construction. The annual built-up housing area is nearly 2 billion square meters, but more than 97% is a high energy-consuming building. It is estimated that by 2020, the country's high energy-consuming building area will reach 70 billion square meters. At present, of the more than 40 billion square meters of existing buildings in our country, more than 90% are high-energy buildings. In high-energy buildings, the energy consumption of doors and windows accounted for nearly half. According to industry sources, the key to building energy efficiency is the improvement of energy-saving technologies for windows and doors. Therefore, new energy-saving doors and windows are the inevitable trend of the market's future development. Under the promotion of building energy conservation policies, a large number of new environmental protection doors and windows energy-saving products such as aluminum alloy energy-saving windows and doors, glass and steel energy-saving doors and windows, and aluminum-plastic composite doors and windows have emerged continuously and new products have emerged one after another. According to incomplete statistics, the market share of building energy-saving doors and windows has been increasing rapidly, and it has accounted for 50% of the entire window and door market. Therefore, vigorously developing new energy-saving doors and windows products, whether economic or social, are all very large. .
Second, the impact of the heat loss of doors and windows to analyze the factors that affect the size of the door and window heat loss, there are many factors, mainly in the following areas:
2.1 Heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows The heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows refers to the amount of heat transfer per unit area per unit of time. The greater the heat transfer coefficient, the greater the heat loss through the doors and windows in winter. The heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows is related to the material and type of doors and windows.
2.2 Hermeticity of doors and windows The hermeticity of doors and windows refers to the ability to prevent air infiltration when the doors and windows are closed. The level of airtightness of doors and windows has a great influence on the loss of heat. Outdoor wind power will have an adverse effect on the room temperature. The higher the airtightness level, the less heat loss and the smaller the impact on room temperature.
2.3 The ratio of window to wall ratio to the ratio of window to wall refers to the ratio of the area of ​​the outer window to the area of ​​the outer wall. Usually the thermal resistance of the doors and windows is much smaller than the thermal resistance of the wall. Therefore, the cold and heat consumption of the building increases with the area ratio of the window and wall. As a measure of building energy efficiency, it is required to determine the appropriate window-to-wall ratio under the conditions of lighting and ventilation. In general, solar radiation intensity and solar radiation are different in different orientations, and the solar radiation heat obtained by windows is also different.
Third, the main ways of energy saving doors and windows are mainly thermal insulation, and its measures include: selection of energy-saving window type, improve the insulation performance of doors and windows, improve the airtightness of doors and windows, determine the appropriate ratio of window to wall and orientation.
3.1 Choosing an energy-saving window The window type is the most important factor that affects the energy-saving performance. Sliding windows have poor energy efficiency, while casement windows and fixed windows offer superior energy savings. As the sliding window slides back and forth along the sliding rails of the window frame, the upper part has a larger space, the lower part has gaps between the pulleys, and the window fans form a clear convection exchange between the upper and lower parts, and the convection of the hot and cold air forms a large heat loss. Therefore, no matter what Insulated profiles are used as window frames and do not achieve energy-saving effects. Between the sash and the window frame of the casement window, rubber seals are generally used. After the window sash is closed, the seal is pressed tightly. There is almost no gap and it is difficult to form convection. The loss of heat is mainly caused by the glass, window sash and window frame profile itself. Heat loss, heat radiation loss, air leakage at the contact position of the sash and the window frame, and air leakage between the window frame and the wall are reduced. Fixed window As the window frame is embedded in the wall, the glass is directly mounted on the window frame. The glass and window frame have been sealed with glue strips or sealants. It is difficult for the air to form convection through the sealant, and it is difficult to cause heat loss. On the fixed window, the heat conduction of glass and window frames is the main source of heat loss.
3.2 Improve the insulation performance of doors and windows Most of us use solid wood or composite panels as door and balcony doors, which have poor thermal insulation performance and are not conducive to safety and fire prevention. As we all know, wood is a fire-ignition substance. On the other hand, doors and balcony doors are generally in contact with the outside world, and wind, rain, and snow in nature have a great negative impact on the door (deformation, cracks, and rot). In some places, although fasting thin sheets are used as doors, they have played a role in improving the thermal insulation of the doors, but the strength of the doors is poor. Under the influence of various external forces, the fasting thin doors are easily damaged. And maintenance is inconvenient and expensive. Therefore, the empty plate can be placed on the indoor side of the room, and the aluminum alloy can be placed on the outside to complement each other. This not only achieves the effect of thermal insulation, but also achieves the safety protection function. The heat transfer coefficient of this type of multi-door can be Reduce to. Due to the variety of forms of balconies (convex balconies, quads, and semi-convex balconies), thermal insulation systems should be handled according to different characteristics, but regardless of the form of the balcony (except closed balconies), they all have a Common features: The production of steel door panels in the small parts of the balcony doors. It is now time to paste the insulating material on top of it. The upper transparent part is double-glazed, with a certain thickness in the middle to form an air layer. In this way, the heat insulation effect is greatly improved.
3.3 Improve the airtightness of doors and windows Most doors and windows in our houses, especially steel windows, have poor airtightness. Under the combined action of wind pressure and hot pressure, outdoor cold air enters the room through doors and windows during the winter, thus increasing the airtightness. Heat consumption. Such as the installation of foam plastic seals, the use of new, good sealing performance of door and window materials. The gap between the window frame and the wall can be sealed with elastic soft materials (such as felt), elastic closed materials (such as polyethylene foam), sealing paste, and framed gray openings; the seal of the frame and the fan can be rubber or rubber. Or foam seals and high and low seams, return slots, etc.; seals between fan and fan seals can be used, high and low seams and seams, etc.; the seal between the fan and the glass can use a variety of elastic layer and so on.
3.4 Determination of suitable window-wall ratio and orientation In general, the heat transfer coefficient of a window is greater than the heat transfer coefficient of an outer wall with the same orientation and the same area. Therefore, the energy loss increases as the proportion of window wall increases. Under the condition that the lighting and ventilation are allowed, the ratio of controlling windows and walls is more effective than setting insulation curtains and window panels. That is, the smaller the window wall area is than the design, the smaller the heat loss and the better the energy-saving effect. The loss of heat is also related to the orientation of the outer window, with the solar radiation intensity and the sunshine rate of the windows facing south and north being high, and the solar radiation heat obtained by the windows is more. In the "Civil Building Energy Efficiency Design Standards (Heating Building Part)", although the window wall area ratio and orientation have been made selective, it should be adjusted in conjunction with the specific conditions in each place. Considering the lighting needs of the living room in the north direction, the area ratio of the north-facing window wall is desirable to be 0.3; taking into account the current situation of some tower houses, the area ratio of the east-west window wall is desirable 0.35; considering the appearance of the floor-standing window in the south, convex There are many opportunities for windows, and the south-facing window wall has a desirable area ratio of 0.45. Although this increases the area of ​​the south-facing window, it can make full use of the radiant heat of solar energy to reduce heating energy consumption and achieve a bright and spacious vision. Do not waste energy purposes.
IV. Conclusion:
It is understood that, through various efforts, coupled with the impact of national building energy conservation policies, the use of energy-saving and environmental protection doors and windows is gradually increasing. Driven by the building energy conservation policy, a large number of new types of environmental protection and energy-saving products such as aluminum alloy energy-saving doors and windows, glass and steel energy-saving doors and windows, and aluminum-plastic composite energy-saving doors and windows continue to emerge, and new products emerge one after another. According to incomplete statistics, the market share of building energy-saving doors and windows has been increasing rapidly, and it has accounted for 50% of the entire window and door market. Therefore, the vigorous development of energy-saving door and window curtain walls has great economic and social benefits.
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