First, the distribution of winter melon
It is cultivated all over China. There are wild people in southern Yunnan (Xishuangbanna), and the fruit is far smaller. It is mainly distributed in other tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, as well as in eastern Australia and Madagascar. Winter melon is mainly produced in the summer. It is called melon because it is a white powdery thing on the surface of the melon. It is like the hoarfrost formed in winter. It is also the reason. The melon is also called white melon. Winter melon is a cucurbitaceae, annual herb. It is native to southern China and India. It is cultivated in all parts of the country from north to south. The main supply season is summer and autumn. It is warm and heat-resistant, with high yield and storage and transportation. It is one of the important vegetable varieties in summer and autumn.
Second, how to grow winter melon, the cultivation method of winter melon
1. Soil selection: Planting winter melon should be convenient for drainage, deep soil layer, fertile sandy loam or clay loam. The former crop is a field with no melon crops for more than three years, and the former crop is better for rice.
2, sowing seedling: Because the melon is thicker than the seed skin, it is not easy to absorb water. Before planting, the seedbed should be built. The fertile soil that has not been planted with melon seeds should be used. The bottom fertilizer should be applied before planting and the bottom water should be poured. Seed soaking and seed disinfection should be carried out (soaked with 50% carbendazim 250 times solution and new high fat film 800 times solution for 20 minutes, the disinfected seeds are washed with water and then immersed in the new high fat film 800 times liquid 5-6 Hours, pick up for germination, germination temperature is about 30 °C is appropriate). After sowing, the new high-fat film 800 times liquid should be sprayed in time to protect against drought, prevent soil layer compaction, and increase the emergence rate.
3. Planting management: select new land that has not been planted with melon crops or planted with 3 to 5 years of water and drought rotation, and apply sufficient base fertilizer (2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of superphosphate) . Rift and land preparation. The dough is made 110-120 cm, the groove width is 50 cm, and there are ring grooves around the field block to reach the ditch and the channel to facilitate drainage. Reasonable close planting. When the temperature is stable at 15 degrees Celsius or above, the transplant is selected on a sunny day, and each row is planted at a distance of 60-70 cm. 450-550 plants per mu, after planting, watering the root water, and spraying the new high-fat membrane 800 times liquid to protect the seedlings in time, preventing the infection of the bacteria, improving the ability to resist natural disasters, and allowing the seedlings to smoothly pass through the young seedling stage.
Third, field management
1. Base fertilizer: about 2000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre and 50 kg of superphosphate.
2, Miao Fei: When the seedling grows 5-6 pieces of true leaves, apply 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer and 8-10 kg of urea. Promote the spread of vines and increase the nutrient accumulation of plants. After the first female flower is opened, the fertilizer is controlled to control the water, preventing the length of the child, which is conducive to the preservation of flowers and fruit.
3, strong melon fertilizer: When the fruit grows to 3-4 kg, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, apply 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer, 10-12 kg of urea and 8-10 kg of potassium chloride. Apply once every half month for 4-5 times.
4. Pest control
(1), chemical control of diseases: powdery mildew, sprayed with Orr or 800 times liquid; for sunburn, cover melon with melon leaves or other materials to reduce direct sunlight.
(2), chemical control of pests: the melon is sprayed with double star avermectin. The elephant is sprayed with 90% trichlorfon.
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