Abstract "The speed of research and development has doubled and the cost of research and development has been reduced by half." The launch of the "Material Genome Project" in the United States for four years has triggered a new round of global material research and development. The emergence of a new material, often...
“The speed of research and development has doubled and the cost of research and development has been reduced by halfâ€. The launch of the US “Material Genome Project†for four years has triggered a new round of global material research and development. The emergence of a new material often brings epoch-making changes to an area or even society as a whole. After years of brewing, China's national “material genome†strategy is expected to start in the near future. This is the information that the reporter obtained from the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences yesterday. Recently, the home of Silicon is the first to establish the “Inorganic Materials Genetic Science Innovation Centerâ€. Jiang Dongliang, director of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said in an exclusive interview with this reporter that the “Material Genomics†strategy at the national level will be launched as soon as possible, which will shorten the cycle of rapid development of new materials in China to practical applications, and develop new materials for China. The world has won a leading position.
New material research and development: changing the "cooking style" to "clicking on the map"
The gene of the living body is in DNA. What is the "gene" of the material? Academician Jiang Dongliang introduced that the "gene" of materials can be understood as the basic characteristics of the various elements of the constituent materials and the corresponding atomic and electronic structural units.
With the development of materials science to this day, scientists have basically understood the characteristics of each element. Through structural calculation and simulation optimization, it is possible to predict which elements are combined and the resulting materials may have excellent properties.
“This has led to a revolution in the development of new materials.†He said that traditional materials development is like cooking. Scientists rely on experience and feelings to experiment with different formulations, make a sample, test performance, and look forward to surprises. Therefore, from the research, discovery, to the development of products, the new material development cycle for 20 years. However, with the intensification of global technology and economic competition, all walks of life have put more and more demands on new materials, and must accelerate the speed of research and development of new materials in order to meet the needs of rapid economic development.
Research in materials genetic science is expected to cut the development time of advanced materials from concept to product by half. The new method is like graphs: What kind of performance materials do people need, first calculate the “material genes†to see which combinations are possible; then, use the material chip to screen the ratios of various combinations to find the best The combination; finally, the sample is made for actual testing.
Liu Wei, a researcher at the Silicon Institute, said that on a material chip of about 2.5 cm square, 1024 different materials "recipes" can be tested at the same time, each material only needs the tip size. The traditional method can only test 3-5 kinds of formulas at a time. "In the past, it may be necessary to look for a new material formula for several years. Now it takes only a few months to have preliminary results."
“Material Genomeâ€: There is still no national level strategic guidance
What does the speed of new material development mean? Jiang Dongliang said that this means that many of the original "impossible" became "possible." For example, the emergence of new superalloys and composites has made it possible to manufacture supersonic fighters. Today, a hypersonic aircraft with 10 times the speed of sound is born, only 2-3 hours around the earth. Another example is the breakthrough of semiconductor silicon materials in the 1950s, which made mankind enter the era of microelectronics; the manufacture of quartz fiber optics has prompted the arrival of the era of optical communication... "The development and application of new materials reflects the competitiveness of a country's science and technology. One of the main factors is that advanced materials are the material basis for China to become a manufacturing powerhouse strategy, as mentioned in a consultation proposal of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
The United States took the lead in proposing the “Material Genome Project†in 2011 as a fundamental support for revitalizing US manufacturing. So far, the US Department of Defense, the Ministry of Energy and other five departments have invested 2-3 billion US dollars, and established a number of regional material innovation centers with national laboratories and universities as the center and large enterprises. "After the gene plan was proposed, Harvard University took the initiative to provide database sharing of more than 50,000 materials in response." Jiang Dongliang said, but the domestic gap in this area is still very large, regardless of the amount of data or quality, there is an urgent need for development.
On January 23, the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics established the “Inorganic Materials Genetic Science Innovation Centerâ€. The center integrates the Shanghai Silicate Research Institute's strengths in computational materials, high-throughput synthesis and rapid screening, microstructure characterization, advanced manufacturing, and inorganic materials databases, focusing on high-performance ceramics that are urgently needed for national security and are in extreme environmental service. Basic composite materials, as well as advanced inorganic materials for emerging fields such as energy, environment, and biology, addressing key scientific issues such as material design, rapid screening, and intelligent manufacturing; based on the concept of material genome, using computational simulation and high-throughput screening platforms, systems Conduct multi-scale and multi-level material design, preparation process optimization, material and device service behavior research. On this basis, the center will also establish a material database, expecting to achieve innovative results in the field of new material exploration and key materials integration manufacturing for major needs, accelerate the pace of research on inorganic materials in China, and promote and lead the exploration of inorganic new materials. Research and development.
First to try the Chinese version of the "material genome"
As early as 2011, Chinese scientists convened the Xiangshan Conference to discuss the Chinese version of the “Material Genomics†program. Later, the Chinese Academy of Engineering conducted related research and formed a consultation report.
In the report, the experts recommended that the cities with deep scientific research bases such as Beijing and Shanghai take the lead in setting up the “Materials Gene Center†to establish the scientific and technological foundation needed for high-end manufacturing key materials. At the same time, it is also recommended to build a national material database system and sharing mechanism to realize the systemization, standardization, intelligence and commercialization of the national materials science database.
The establishment of the "Inorganic Materials Genetic Science Innovation Center" is expected to provide a platform for the production and research of inorganic materials, and hopes to promote the development of inorganic materials genetic science through the innovation of institutional mechanisms. Jiang Dongliang said that as more and more scientists and enterprises participate in this platform, the research and development of new materials will show explosive growth, which will be the basis for China's transformation into a manufacturing power.
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