Tomato young fruit is prone to physical damage such as cracking, seed leakage, flat fruit, and large flower umbilical, which often causes great losses to production. Generally, there are more occurrences in February-May and less in autumn. The reasons and prevention methods are as follows.
First, the cause of tomato large flower umbilical, flat fruit, young fruit cracking are all abnormal fruit. The former is a mild deformed fruit, while the latter is a severely deformed fruit. There are three reasons for this happening.
1. In the seedling stage (2-7 true leaves), the occurrence of night temperature is too low, and the fundamental problem lies in the initial formation stage of tomato flower, that is, the flower bud differentiation stage. The flower bud differentiation stage of tomato first to third spikes is generally in the period of 2-7 true leaves. The low temperature, low nitrogen, wet and young seedlings at this stage tend to accumulate more light products at the growing growth points. , which leads to the differentiation of multiple ventricular malformed flowers. In particular, when the night temperature is lower than 8 °C for a long time, a large number of deformed flowers will appear, and later developed into a deformed fruit. These malformed flowers are easily recognized during flowering, and are expressed in the shape of beans, flat ovary, thick styles, and multiple petals.
2, calcium, boron deficiency in flower bud development, flowering and young fruit expansion process, calcium or boron supply is insufficient or partial application of iron nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer lead to physiological calcium deficiency, resulting in poor flower development, poor fruit cell binding, exacerbating the fruit The top crack.
3. The concentration of hormonal hormone is too large to promote the concentration of hormones used in fruit setting, and the strength of promoting fruit development is large. In the case that the photosynthetic products in tomato are not well matched, the fruit apex and large flower umbilicus appear in the light, and the weight appears. The young fruit cracks, leaks seeds, and loses the value of the commodity.
Among the above three reasons, the night temperature at the seedling stage (2-7 true leaves) is the root cause. The deficiency of calcium and boron can aggravate the top crack, while the excessive concentration of the phytohormone is the most artificially caused by the outside. Key factor.
Second, prevention 1, flower bud differentiation period night temperature is not lower than 12 °C for a long time For the retention of 3-4 ear fruits should be early topping cultivation, the differentiation period of 3-4 ears is in the seedling stage of 2-7 true leaves. Greenhouse seedlings, thick straw curtains, two-layer curtains, sheds, and temporary heating equipment can be used to ensure that the night temperature is not lower than 10-12 °C. For the wintering cultivation planted from late August to September, special attention should be paid to the heat preservation work in the low temperature stage from December to February to ensure the normal differentiation of the 5-8 spike flowers and lay a foundation for the formation of good fruits in the future. In addition to paying attention to the seedling period insulation work, it is also necessary to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and seedlings. For the cultivation of autumn-long tomato planted in May-July, there is basically no low temperature problem in seedling stage, and the focus should be on cultivating strong seedlings and preventing the growth of the seedlings.
2, pay attention to the transfer, adjustment of the elements in addition to the base fertilizer applied calcium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the focus should be placed on the leaf surface calcium. From the beginning of the seedling period to the end of the last ear of the fruit, the amino acid calcium (chelating calcium) is sprayed once every 10-15 days. Amino acid calcium is easily absorbed by plants, and there are many trade names, such as calcium treasure and calcium. In fact, goat milk, milk, soy milk is a natural amino acid calcium fertilizer, its 300 times liquid spray and pouring effect are better. Boron supplementation: spray 0.1%-0.2% borax solution on the leaf surface at the seedling stage, spray once every 5-7 days, spray 3-4 times.
3, master the flower concentration specific point flower needs to adjust the concentration according to the following three points. (1) According to the quality of the flower. The deformed flower is timely removed during the flowering, and the good flower and normal flower can be used according to the above principles. For malformed flowers that use hormones to promote fruit setting, the concentration should be reduced to a relatively low level, otherwise it will easily cause a top crack after the point. (2) According to the temperature at the point in the shed. Different temperature points are suitable for different concentrations of flowers, and it is necessary to adjust the concentration according to the temperature at the time of the flower. Generally, it is more appropriate to choose a sunny day in the afternoon when the temperature in the shed is relatively stable. (3) Adjust according to the difference of flower, flower and spray.
First, the cause of tomato large flower umbilical, flat fruit, young fruit cracking are all abnormal fruit. The former is a mild deformed fruit, while the latter is a severely deformed fruit. There are three reasons for this happening.
1. In the seedling stage (2-7 true leaves), the occurrence of night temperature is too low, and the fundamental problem lies in the initial formation stage of tomato flower, that is, the flower bud differentiation stage. The flower bud differentiation stage of tomato first to third spikes is generally in the period of 2-7 true leaves. The low temperature, low nitrogen, wet and young seedlings at this stage tend to accumulate more light products at the growing growth points. , which leads to the differentiation of multiple ventricular malformed flowers. In particular, when the night temperature is lower than 8 °C for a long time, a large number of deformed flowers will appear, and later developed into a deformed fruit. These malformed flowers are easily recognized during flowering, and are expressed in the shape of beans, flat ovary, thick styles, and multiple petals.
2, calcium, boron deficiency in flower bud development, flowering and young fruit expansion process, calcium or boron supply is insufficient or partial application of iron nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer lead to physiological calcium deficiency, resulting in poor flower development, poor fruit cell binding, exacerbating the fruit The top crack.
3. The concentration of hormonal hormone is too large to promote the concentration of hormones used in fruit setting, and the strength of promoting fruit development is large. In the case that the photosynthetic products in tomato are not well matched, the fruit apex and large flower umbilicus appear in the light, and the weight appears. The young fruit cracks, leaks seeds, and loses the value of the commodity.
Among the above three reasons, the night temperature at the seedling stage (2-7 true leaves) is the root cause. The deficiency of calcium and boron can aggravate the top crack, while the excessive concentration of the phytohormone is the most artificially caused by the outside. Key factor.
Second, prevention 1, flower bud differentiation period night temperature is not lower than 12 °C for a long time For the retention of 3-4 ear fruits should be early topping cultivation, the differentiation period of 3-4 ears is in the seedling stage of 2-7 true leaves. Greenhouse seedlings, thick straw curtains, two-layer curtains, sheds, and temporary heating equipment can be used to ensure that the night temperature is not lower than 10-12 °C. For the wintering cultivation planted from late August to September, special attention should be paid to the heat preservation work in the low temperature stage from December to February to ensure the normal differentiation of the 5-8 spike flowers and lay a foundation for the formation of good fruits in the future. In addition to paying attention to the seedling period insulation work, it is also necessary to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and seedlings. For the cultivation of autumn-long tomato planted in May-July, there is basically no low temperature problem in seedling stage, and the focus should be on cultivating strong seedlings and preventing the growth of the seedlings.
2, pay attention to the transfer, adjustment of the elements in addition to the base fertilizer applied calcium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the focus should be placed on the leaf surface calcium. From the beginning of the seedling period to the end of the last ear of the fruit, the amino acid calcium (chelating calcium) is sprayed once every 10-15 days. Amino acid calcium is easily absorbed by plants, and there are many trade names, such as calcium treasure and calcium. In fact, goat milk, milk, soy milk is a natural amino acid calcium fertilizer, its 300 times liquid spray and pouring effect are better. Boron supplementation: spray 0.1%-0.2% borax solution on the leaf surface at the seedling stage, spray once every 5-7 days, spray 3-4 times.
3, master the flower concentration specific point flower needs to adjust the concentration according to the following three points. (1) According to the quality of the flower. The deformed flower is timely removed during the flowering, and the good flower and normal flower can be used according to the above principles. For malformed flowers that use hormones to promote fruit setting, the concentration should be reduced to a relatively low level, otherwise it will easily cause a top crack after the point. (2) According to the temperature at the point in the shed. Different temperature points are suitable for different concentrations of flowers, and it is necessary to adjust the concentration according to the temperature at the time of the flower. Generally, it is more appropriate to choose a sunny day in the afternoon when the temperature in the shed is relatively stable. (3) Adjust according to the difference of flower, flower and spray.
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