According to the stone composition, the American Society for Testing and Materials divides the natural facing stone into Granite, Limestone, Marble, Quartz-based, Slate and others. Six major categories of stone, (see ASTM C119 for details. In the past, China's national standards once specified that marble, granite, slate and others have been far from being able to adapt to market needs, so they have been updated in recent years. In addition, in recent years, due to With the increasing demand for individualized stone materials, “other†stone has been continuously extended to various semi-precious stones, gemstones or more new stone types with more colors and patterns, and the materials are on the rise.
Stone product category
According to the different processing technology, it can be divided into special-shaped products (including engraving, arc plate, hollow column, solid column, line, parquet, etc.), plate products (including large plates, specification plates, thin plates, etc.); Divided into indoor stone, outdoor stone; wall (facade) stone, floor stone; building stone (such as bridge pier), decorative stone (such as various types of facing stone) and so on. The processing process is different for different types of stone products. For example, the most common decorative stone plates and lines are decorated as follows:
1. Mining. Divided into two types of artificial mining and blasting. There are two types of blasting mining: micro-blasting and large blasting. Granite in the marble and coastal areas (the granite in the coastal area is relatively soft) is often exploited by artificial mining or micro-blasting. The granite in the area of ​​Sichuan (harder) is generally mined by large blasting. The utilization rate of large blasting materials is very low, and most of them are broken in the blasting, so unless it is very hard stone, this method is generally not used.
2, sawing processing (block processing). The large stones that are mined are called blocks, which are usually sawed into slabs by diamond circular saws. For marbles, they can also be processed with diamond saws. The diamond Circular Saw uses a large disc-shaped saw blade with powder metallurgically bonded diamond particles. This kind of equipment can process super-hard stone, and it is also flexible to use. The disadvantage is that the diameter of the disc needs twice the height of the stone plus the diameter of the flange, and the diameter of the saw blade is too large to manufacture, which is not conducive to processing oversized specifications. Plate. A diamond saw uses a row of (multiple) strip saw blades, each of which is similar to a hand saw blade used by a carpenter, but the diamond saw is arranged in parallel with each other, the spacing between each strip being equal to the thickness of the sheet so that the sand saw The whole block can be sawed into many pieces at one time. However, diamond saws are not suitable for processing hard granite due to the use of diamond as an abrasive, and are generally only used for processing marble. In addition, if there is a defect in the block material, it is not found before processing, because the diamond saw processing is completed in one time, and it is too late to find the defect after processing, which will cause the whole piece of material to be scrapped, and the processing cost is also wasted. Therefore, it is not suitable for stone types with many defects. The main processing equipment in sawing processing is granite frame-type large automatic sand saw, multi-blade double-cutting machine, multi-blade computer controlled granite cutting machine and granite disc sawing machine. The sawn board is called a board.
3. Grinding and polishing. The purpose of grinding and polishing is to further process the sawed wool board to meet the requirements of thickness, flatness and gloss. The process first needs to be roughly ground and then gradually subjected to semi-fine grinding, fine grinding, fine grinding and polishing to fully display the color texture of the granite. The main processing equipment is: automatic multi-head continuous grinding machine, diamond leveling machine, bridge type grinding machine, disc grinding machine, reverse type coarse grinding machine, hand-held grinding machine. Diamond is generally used as the abrasive. Granite polishing, generally using composite cemented diamond grinding block (also called grinding head) for polishing, generally 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5# and 0#, a total of 6 kinds of grinding blocks, 1# most Thick, 5# is very fine, 0# is a polishing paste without diamond. Processing is generally performed from 1# to 5#, and finally 0# polishing. Marble polishing, generally using felt plus wax and a variety of different fine grain of diamond powder for polishing. Polished plates are called light plates.
4, cut processing. The cutting process is to use a cutting machine to shape the cutting board or the polishing plate according to the required size. The main processing equipment is longitudinal multi-saw cutting machine, transverse cutting machine, bridge cutting machine, cantilever cutting machine, hand cutting machine and so on. The board is cut to the required size and trimmed by a trimmer and sold at the factory. Generally common general specifications, there are 800*800mm and 600*600mm in China, and there are also 500*500mm. The export board is usually 305*305mm, 406*406mm, 610*610mm, 812*812mm, etc. It can also be customized according to customer needs. Custom specifications. After the above process, the stone can be shipped out.
5, chisel cutting processing. Chiseling is a traditional processing method. The blank is processed into the desired product by means of wedge cutting, chiseling, boring, refurbishing and grinding. The surface can be pineapple noodles, longan noodles, litchi noodles, natural noodles, mushrooms. Face, pull groove surface and so on. Chiseling is mainly processed by hand, such as hammer, axe, scorpion, chisel, etc., but some machining processes can be completed by machining. The main equipment is stone boring machine, planing machine, automatic Hammer Drill, automatic spraying. Sand machine, etc.
(1) Polished: The surface is very smooth, highly polished, has a mirror effect, and has a high gloss. Granite, Dali and limestone are usually polished and require different maintenance to maintain their luster.
(2) Honed: The surface is smooth, but it is lightly polished, produces diffuse reflection, is dull, does not produce mirror effect, and has no light pollution.
(3) Rough-Rubbing: The surface is simply polished, and the machine cuts formed during the cutting process of the board can be ground, and the feeling is very rough matt processing.
(4) Machine-Cut: It is directly cut and formed by equipment such as circular saw sand saw or bridge cutter. The surface is rough and has obvious machine cut lines.
(5) Pickling: The surface of the stone is corroded with strong acid to make it have small corrosion marks, and the appearance is more rustic than the polished surface. Most of the stones can be pickled, but the most common are marble and limestone. Pickling is also a way to soften the luster of granite.
(6) Bushhammered: The surface is rough and uneven. It is a small hole that is densely woven on the surface with a chisel. It has an effect of imitating the dripping of water on the stone over the years.
(7) Picked: The surface is more uneven than the lychee processing, just like the pineapple's epidermis. (8) Chiselled: Also called the longan face, it is hit with an axe on the stone surface to form a very dense strip texture.
Welding Machine is a device designed to provide an electric current to joint materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence (most often by melting small parts of them).
Welding Machine
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