According to New Atlas, foreign media, silicon has always been the material of choice for solar cell technology because of its low cost, stability, and efficiency. Unfortunately, the conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells is rapidly approaching its theoretical limit, but pairing it with other materials may help break the ceiling. Now researchers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) and the Swiss Centre for Electronics and Microtechnologies (CSEM) have developed a new combination of silicon and perovskite solar cells and reported a 25.2% efficiency record - This is an entirely new record of this solar cell combination technology.
At present, the efficiency of silicon solar cells on the market is up to 20% to 22%. This is not bad, but it does not allow the technology to have more room for development. In recent years, as an ideal alternative, perovskites have increased their efficiency from 3.8% in 2009 to more than 20% in 2016. Nevertheless, its price is more expensive than ordinary silicon solar cells, and has its own upper limit of efficiency.
The use of perovskite and silicon in a solar cell may help to exploit the advantages of both materials. Perovskites are better at converting green and blue light into electricity, while silicon is dedicated to red and infrared light, so they can capture a wider spectral range.
"By combining these two materials, we can maximize the use of the solar spectrum and increase power generation," said research authors Florent Sahli and Jérémie Werner. "The calculations and work we have done show that 30% efficiency should be achieved very quickly."
The team's new silicon-perovskite solar cell has achieved a 25.2% efficiency. This exceeds the series-structured solar cells stacked by single-crystal silicon solar cells and perovskite solar cells, which were developed in 2015, and their efficiency is only 13.7%. The main hurdle for these tandem cells is in the manufacturing process. In general, perovskites will deposit as liquid on the surface, but the texture of silicon makes it difficult. It consists of a large number of "pyramid" structures about five microns high that can better capture and absorb light.
Sahli said: "So far, the standard method for manufacturing perovskite/silicon tandem cells is to flatten the 'pyramid' of silicon cells, but this will degrade its optical performance and therefore reduce its performance, and then deposit perovskite cells. At its top, it also adds steps to the manufacturing process."
In this study, scientists first used evaporation to create an inorganic base covering the 'pyramid'. Then, the liquid organic solution is added by spin coating, which penetrates into the pores of the base layer. Finally, the team heated the substrate to 150°C (302°F) so that the perovskite crystallized on top and formed a thin film covering the entire surface of the silicon. The researchers said that this process is relatively simple and can be combined into existing production lines in a few extra steps. This will facilitate the production of new tandem cells without over-costing.
The study was published in the journal Nature-Materials.
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