Integrated control of pests and diseases of pollution-free vegetables

　　 1. Agricultural control

 

　　 1.1 Select high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant crops suitable for local production.

 

　　 1.2 Seed coating treatment to make it have good resistance to pests and diseases.

 

　　 1.3 Cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings. The substrate is soil-free seedling, the seed is disinfected, and the seedling bed is warmed after sowing to promote the seedling work. Increase the light after emergence, properly ventilate and lower the temperature to ensure the seedlings are robust and enhance disease resistance.

 

　　 1.4 There are planned rotations.

 

　　 1.5 Reasonable intercropping.

 

　　 1.6 Protected cultivation, gauze is installed at the vent, and isolation control of adult transfer, spread and spawning.

 

　　 1.7 Reasonable close planting, directional cultivation, improve and optimize the microclimate environment in the field.

 

　　 1.8 Adjust the sowing and harvesting period to avoid pests and diseases.

 

　　 1.9 Carry out deep ridges and ploughing in the future. After the crops are harvested, they can plow the surface bacteria and pests into the soil, or expose the deep wintering insects to the ground to kill them by suffocation or freezing.

 

　　 1.10 Clean the pastoral, timely remove diseased leaves, diseased plants, and surface fruits, leaves, stems, etc., to reduce the source of insects.

 

　　 2 , biological control

 

　　 2.1 Protect the use of natural enemies. 1 Protect the species and quantity of natural enemies in the locality, establish a stable natural enemy community, and prevent natural enemies from being used as pests; 2 appropriately introduce foreign natural enemy species to breed and release.

 

　　 2.2 Application of biological pesticides. 1 bacterial preparation. These agents are mainly effective against larvae of Lepidoptera, die after poisoning or poisoning after application, or delay development, reduce fertility, and are safer for humans, animals, natural enemies and vegetables. 2 fungal inflammation preparations. The application of Beauveria bassiana is to control Lepidoptera larvae and underground pest larvae; Metarhizium is used to control thrips and leafhopper pests: Insect fungi control vegetable mites, mites and lepidopter larvae. 3 virus preparations. There are mainly three kinds of granulosis virus, nuclear polyhedrosis virus and polymorphic polyhedrosis virus used in the control of rapeseed .

 

　　 3 , physical control and artificial control

 

　　 3.1 physical control. At present, insecticide lamps are commonly used in agricultural production. Many night-time pests have phototaxis, especially for ultraviolet light. A 20- watt ultraviolet frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp is installed every 100 mu to trap a variety of pests such as the diamondback moth, Spodoptera litura, cabbage moth, red-bellied moth, yellow-striped flea, chafer, dragonfly, and spider mites.

 

　　 3.2 Artificial control. Some vegetable pests are exposed obviously, and the insects are concentrated. Although some insects are hidden, the symptoms are obvious, and it is easy to take artificial control measures. For example, the moths of the red-bellied moths are concentrated in a block. If the leaves with the egg mass or the younger larvae can be removed in time, the medicine can be basically eliminated; the larvae of Spodoptera litura can be transferred to the habit, and the eggs can be removed or the larvae can be caught: the larvae of the small tiger It is harmful to the heart of the plant. After entering the third age, the victim can be dragged into the underground cavern, and it can be digged in the vicinity of the victim seedlings in the early morning.

 

　　 4 , chemical control

 

Only when using disease-resistant varieties, various natural control factors, and scientific cultivation measures do not work. Chemical control methods are used when pests and diseases meet or exceed the control indicators. After determining the need to use chemical control measures, it is necessary to use high-sensitivity; low-toxic, low-residue, heavy metal-free organic chemical pesticides, and to limit the variety and dosage of pesticides, and to strictly implement pesticide safety standards and pesticides before crop harvesting. The security interval used. Every time you spray, you must determine the effective use concentration and dosage according to the actual operation conditions of pests and diseases according to the technical regulations for the production of pollution-free agricultural products. Do not blindly pursue the control effect and increase the concentration and dosage of drugs. It is strictly forbidden to use pesticide varieties that have been banned by the state to ensure the quality of vegetable products.

 

Source: Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Information Network

 

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