Now is the key time for soybean field management. In order to ensure the normal growth of soybeans and lay the foundation for the harvest, we should take the time to do field management. Soybeans should be high-yield, and good farming is the foundation. Management is the key, focusing on the following six key measures.
1. Reasonable close planting. A reasonable group structure is the key to high yield of soybeans. Mu seedlings should be between 1.3 and 15,000 plants, row spacing 20cm, plant spacing 22-25cm; row spacing 40cm, plant spacing 10-13cm. Soybeans should be checked in time after emergence, and the seedlings should be removed. For the lack of seedlings and ridges of more than 30 cm, the seedlings should be transplanted, and the seedlings of 30 ml or less should be taken to ensure the whole seedlings and even seedlings, and the seedlings of 5-6 leaves should be fixed.
2. Strengthen cultivating, smashing, and weeding. Most of the soybeans in our county are no-tillage sowing. The soil compaction affects the growth of seedlings. In addition, the seedling stage is small, the weeds are easy to breed, and the post-emergence should be timely cultivated to achieve the soil smashing, weeding, water storage and root promotion. development. Soybean cultivating should be early and diligent, generally cultivating 2 - 3 times, usually when the seedlings are unearthed, the first shallow cultivating after the cotyledons are unfolded, about 1 inch deep, and then cultivating once every 10-15 days, the depth is 1.5 inches.
3. Scientific fertilization. Land plots that have not been fertilized at the time of sowing should be topdressed in time from the soybean branching stage to the pre-flowering stage to meet the requirement of soybean peak after flowering. Soybean topdressing should be combined with nitrogen and phosphorus, and applied or applied at a point. It is strictly forbidden to spread to improve fertilizer efficiency. Generally 20-40 days after sowing, 20 kg of diammonium or soybean special fertilizer is applied per acre. It is also possible to apply about 45% of compound fertilizer to 30kg per mu, preferably with single leg shun ridge. In the flowering and pod-forming period, 150 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 150 g of ammonium molybdate, and 1 kg of urea and 50 kg of water are mixed per mu, and then sprayed on the foliage to reduce the loss of flower pods. In the early stage of the granules, the leaves are sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trace elements to prepare a concentration of 2% to 4% to extend the function of the leaves to meet the nutrient requirements.
4, chemical control anti-fall. Most of the soybean plots have a large amount of sowing, so it is recommended to use 15% paclobutrazol or 10% polyazole or formazan 30-40g at the end of the branching stage or 5% supplemental water for 20ml per acre. 40kg was chemically controlled. According to the growth of the plant, the initial flowering period is once again controlled.
5, pay attention to drought prevention and drainage. Moderate drought in the seedling stage is conducive to seedlings and lodging prevention. In case of rain, it is unfavorable for soybeans to grow vigorously. Therefore, when the drought is heavy, watering should be carried out to protect the seedlings. When the rain is heavy, it is necessary to dredge the ditches and the fields in time to prevent and control the pea seedlings from causing waterlogging and affecting growth. If the flowering pod period encounters drought, it should be watered in time to reduce the loss of flower pods and promote flowering and fruiting.
6, comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases. Soybean fields mainly include: beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura, pea pod, cotton bollworm, locust, planthopper, weevil, cockroach, snail, root rot and grass damage. The specific control methods are as follows:
1 The flowering stage is an important period for the occurrence of pests such as pea pods, soybeans, and leaf mites. It is necessary to use 2 ml/mu of the squirrel 40 mL/mu + enemy to kill in time, and 25 kg of water spray to prevent and control the insect feeding rate. To improve the commerciality of soybeans. If it is a nocturnal moth pest, you can use 24% Leitong (mimi, tebufenozide) suspending agent 20mL or high chlorine · methyl salt 20-30mL or 25% dilute urea suspension 25mL, 50kg spray against water . Pay attention to the spraying after 4 pm on a sunny day, and ensure that there is no rain within 8 hours after spraying, and maintain the effect.
2蟋蟀: Use 90% trichlorfon or 48% chlorpyrifos 100g, add appropriate amount of water to dilute, mix poison bait (green grass, vegetable leaf, wheat bran, etc.) in the evening or cloudy day.
3 Snails: Before 6 o'clock in the morning, in the evening and in the rainy days, the snails were manually picked up when they were active on the plants; after the rain turned fine in the evening (after sunset to the dark before), 6% of the acetaldehyde granules were used in the granules. 500g, mix 2kg of moist fine sand, apply evenly between the rows of plants (be careful not to sprinkle on the plants). The application should be carried out in a regressive manner. Do not step on the field after application.
4 Diseases: Control downy mildew and gray spot disease can be sprayed with 35% metalaxyl WP or 80% ethyl phosphine WP 600-700 dilution.
5 Grass damage: when 2-3 pieces of soybeans and field weeds are out, the field is mainly based on annual grass weeds, and 12.5% ​​of high-efficiency grass emulsifiable oil can be used in 50-60mL or 5% fine grass per acre. 50-80 mL of gram of emulsifiable concentrate (or 10% grass emulsifiable concentrate), spray evenly with 40 kg of water. In the bean field mixed with grasses and broadleaf grasses, the weeds with a large number of weeds, 25% flufenazone 80mL + 5% quizalofop-ethyl 60mL or 25% sulfamethoxazole 80mL + 10.8% efficient grass It can spray 20mL of emulsifiable concentrate and evenly spray 40kg of water.
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