Recently, the General Office of the State Council officially issued a document deciding to cancel and decentralize 117 administrative approval projects, and announced a list of 104 of them, including the cancellation of the approval of direct purchase of electricity by power users. This initiative undoubtedly demonstrated the new government. By decentralizing government power, exerting the basic role of the market in the allocation of resources, stimulating the creation of market players, and strengthening the determination of the endogenous power of economic development. As far as power users purchase electricity directly, it merely reduces one part of their work. This part is very important, but it is not a decisive factor. Really promoting the implementation of this far-reaching work also requires government departments to take the lead in organizing a set of scientific and rational methods. For most market players, they accept the accepted market trading rules. This rule includes specific measures such as rationalizing cross-subsidization, clearing transaction methods, clearing mechanisms, handling of contracted power shortages, supporting service obligations, and risk prevention. In short, the task is still arduous.
The reform of the electricity market mainly includes three aspects: establishing a competitive market on the power generation side, liberalizing the market on the power sales side, implementing a fair and open power grid under government supervision, allowing users to freely choose a power sales company, and creating a situation where users can freely purchase electricity. Since the implementation of the No. 5 Document in 2002, the plant and network have been separated, and the power generation side has established five major power generation groups. This has created some competitive players for the implementation of competitive bidding, but it has only done the basic work of market construction, real market competition, and market competition. The market competition of these most market essential characteristics of share competition has not been established. The electricity sales side still basically follows the power sales model in the past. The reason why the electricity market reform has not achieved major breakthroughs is due to many reasons. The following four points are fundamental reasons. .
First of all, the rapid development of the national economy, power supply tensions appear from time to time. In the past ten years, despite the rapid development of electric power installations, due to the increased demand, coupled with tight supply of coal, power cuts and power cuts have occurred from time to time. In the past two years, coal-fired power plants have emerged with the urgency of coal burning and coal desiccation. Coal shortages and shutdowns, and electricity supply falls short of demand, the government is highly concerned. In some places, opinions on strengthening the supply of coal and electricity protection have been issued. Electric power companies have to spend their energy and think of ways to meet their needs at all costs. At this time, there is no market at all. competition. Therefore, without adequate supply capacity, market competition loses its basic premise.
Second, the number of competitors is not sufficient either on the power generation side or on the power sales side. On the side of power sale, the power grid company alone bought a single sale, which is naturally a monopoly. For the time being, the generation side, although there are five major power generation companies and local power plants built, there are a large number of competitors, but from a province perspective, The characteristics of oligopoly are still very obvious. The Northeastern Power Grid once carried out simulated competition. In the three or four months, there was a deficit of more than three billion market-adjusted funds. The industry has still vividly remembered. Theory and practice have proved that a power generation company's installed capacity exceeds 40% of the installed capacity, which is oligopoly, the market is easy to manipulate, competition is not fair and fair, and this distribution structure of installed power appears in many provinces and cities, and online bidding is needed. There is also a need to reduce the size of power generation groups, which in turn is inconsistent with the idea of ​​mergers and acquisitions between the competent authorities.
Again, no reasonable transmission and distribution pricing mechanism has been formed. China's electricity price basically adopts a cost-plus-profit pricing model. Strictly speaking, this is a pricing model commonly used by countries in the world. It is scientific and reasonable in itself. The question is whether the cost is clear and reasonable, and whether a clear and reasonable cost is fully reflected. In the past, the phenomenon that the main and auxiliary services were widely criticized and inflated by inflated costs has largely been eliminated with the establishment of China National Energy Construction Corporation and China Electric Power Construction Corporation. Even if it is not clear, the competent authorities have enough means to understand and sort out the main problems. Is it common and serious whether cross-subsidization still needs to be maintained? Unreasonable transmission and distribution costs are mainly manifested in cross-subsidization. Large-scale direct purchases of electricity by cross-subsidies seriously damage the interests of power grid companies and naturally cannot obtain the benefits of power grid companies. Full support, this is seen as an important entry point for deepening the reform of the electricity market, and several government departments have worked intensively to jointly issue documents and strongly promote the project. Eventually no substantial results have been achieved. The important reason is that no cross-subsidy has been introduced to rationalize the cross-subsidization. As the main characteristics of the transmission and distribution price mechanism, of course, there are factors to complete the energy-saving emission reduction targets.
Finally, society's target requirements for basic industries such as the power industry are ambiguous. As a basic industry, the power company's business philosophy and some daily business operations have received extensive attention from the society, and some irrational factors and vague requirements have more or less affected the thinking and methods of power users, including decision makers. In the following: When electric power companies are treated as general competitive enterprises for a while, profits should be the highest goal. Once losses occur, the person in charge of the company will face tremendous pressure, normal expenditures and employees’ reasonable benefits will also be criticized, and will be used as basic public welfare undertakings for a while. We should shoulder more social responsibilities, and profit is not a major goal. The security of power supply, the quality of services that benefit people and the people, and the full use of natural resources are the central tasks of the company. Of course, the requirements of the competent authorities are clear at present, and the assessment is also specific. The safety and profitability of electric power companies is still the first one. Practical work can lead to cases where it is difficult to balance social interests with corporate interests. Abandonment of water, high-energy-consuming small units and low-cost coal-fired units that are still in widespread use at present contend for the use of electricity, which is essentially a waste of resources. The root cause lies in the interest-oriented mechanism. According to the simulation, due to the different coal prices in different regions, the proportion of water and fire is different, and the actual implementation of online bidding has roughly 30% of resources in central China may not be fully utilized. As a result of competition, users and some power companies benefit, but society may have to pay more. This requires full understanding.
Nowadays, the call for deepening the reform of the power system to promote the construction of the power market is very strong. The power market construction and the reform of the power system are in great need of a professional discussion and conclusion on the basis of which the 5th document has not achieved substantial results in competition in the electricity market since the implementation of the document. The next step is to provide reference for decision makers to introduce more comprehensive and in line with national conditions policies and rules for deepening reforms in the future and to promote the sustainable development of the power industry. The use of an upgraded version of the electric power industry to support the development of the entire national economy has a long way to go.
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