Casting cleaning

The main work is to remove the core and core iron, remove the gate, riser, lacing and meat, remove the sand and surface foreign matter of the casting, shovel the ribs, quilts and burrs, as well as grinding and finishing. Casting surface, etc. The main work is to clear the core and core iron, remove the gate, riser, lacing and meat, remove the sand and surface foreign matter of the casting, shovel the ribs, quilting and burrs, as well as grinding and fine The surface of the entire casting, etc.
Cleaning methods There are three types of casting cleaning methods: mechanical methods, physical methods and chemical methods. The mechanical method is to use various manual and maneuvering tools or different types of mechanical equipment "target=_blank> mechanical equipment to generate pressure, impact, shearing, grinding and other forces on the castings to achieve the purpose of cleaning. The physical method is The castings are cleaned by arc, plasma, laser, ultrasonic wave and shock wave. The chemical method uses hydrofluoric acid to dissolve silica and salt liquid electrolysis to remove the sand of small and medium-sized castings. It also uses some metals to violently oxidize at high temperatures. Features for oxidative cutting and gas cutting.
Core removal and surface cleaning

Divided into dry and wet methods. Dry cleaning is the use of mechanical equipment "target=_blank> mechanical equipment to clean the castings. The equipment used is simple, high production efficiency, great adaptability to different types of castings and the advantages of both core removal and effective surface cleaning. .

The disadvantage is that the equipment is often dusty, noisy and polluted. There is no dust in the wet cleaning, but the surface of the casting is easily rusted by water. A large amount of sewage and cement sand are generated during the operation, which brings about problems such as sand and water regeneration and sludge treatment. Dry and wet cleaning commonly used in production are:

1 roller cleaning. The casting and the star iron are placed together in a circular drum. When the drum rotates, the sand inside and outside of the casting is removed by the collision and friction between the casting, the star iron and the waste sand, and the surface of the casting is polished, and the flash is partially removed. glitch. This type of equipment is suitable for cleaning small and medium-sized castings with simple shapes and thick walls.

2 shot blasting. Use the high-speed movement of steel shot, iron shot, abrasive flow to remove the core, stick sand, and polish the surface of the casting (see shot blasting machine). Figure 1 shows the Q3110 type shot blasting drum. This equipment combines drum cleaning with shot blasting and is equipped with a corresponding dust and dust removal system. In addition, commonly used shot blasting equipment includes shot blasting stations and shot blasting rooms. The shot blasting machine used for continuous production has a chain plate type shot blasting drum, a continuous shot blasting table, and a hanging continuous production shot blasting room. This type of equipment has high operating and maintenance costs.

3 hydraulic clearing sand. The high-pressure water is sprayed from the nozzle to the treated casting through the pipeline, and the core and the casting sand are removed by the kinetic energy and the scouring action of the water flow. Hydraulic cleaning sand usually has an open cleaning chamber made of steel and steel plates. The bottom is provided with a rotary table. The spray gun is mounted on the side wall and can move up and down and rotate, so that the high-pressure water flow can be directed to any part other than the bottom surface of the casting ( figure 2). Sometimes in order to improve the efficiency of removing the sand on the surface of the casting, an abrasive such as quartz sand is introduced at a suitable position of the spray gun to obtain a high-speed water sand flow. This method is generally called water sand cleaning.

4 water burst clear sand. A method of sand cleaning developed in China in the 1960s. After the casting is cast, the casting is cooled to the specified temperature and the box is immediately immersed in the pool. The water penetrates into the mold through all the gaps and contacts with the high-temperature metal to rapidly vaporize and explode. The shock wave can basically remove the sand attached to the inside and outside of the casting. The water explosion sand cleaning method has the advantages of short working time and high efficiency, and is widely used in China's cast steel workshop. It is generally used to treat steel castings with a simple carbon shape of 0.35% or less.

5 electro-hydraulic sand cleaning. A wet operation in which a special electrode is used to discharge a high voltage in water to generate a shock wave to clear the sand. This method is easy to control, high efficiency and low energy consumption. However, the operation process is relatively noisy, producing nitrogen monoxide and ozone, and having X-ray electromagnetic radiation, and the protection investment is high.
Casting trimming includes removing gates, risers, meat, lacing, and metal excesses such as cut edges, flash, burrs, and sanding the surface of the casting. Most castings still rely mainly on hand tools and semi-mechanical tools such as wind blowers, air shovel, high-speed hand-held grinding wheels, and suspended grinding wheels. Castings with less complex shapes are also available with general-purpose stamping machines and sawing machines. When the castings are large, special machines or special production lines are used for automation. Most steel castings are cut with oxygen or gas. Gas-electric cutting is a method of melting or oxidizing a metal by using a high temperature generated by an arc between an electrode and a casting, and blowing the melt with a high-pressure high-speed air stream to achieve a method of removing flash, burrs and projections of the casting. This method can be used not only to cut the riser but also to flatten the surface of the casting. However, gas-electric cutting has the disadvantage of producing arc, smoke and noise.
Development trend The cleaning department of the foundry is a place where the working conditions in the mechanical manufacturing plant are poor, and the dust, smoke, noise and other pollution are concentrated. Due to the increasingly strict requirements of environmental protection in various industrial countries, the backwardness of casting cleaning technology has attracted widespread attention. With the popularization and application of resin sand since the 1970s, dry sand cleaning has gradually replaced the trend of wet sand cleaning. Casting trimming is to improve the mechanization and automation of traditional shovel equipment, and to achieve robot remote control and computer program control. At the same time, we must continue to improve the casting process and equipment to reduce the amount of cleaning work for castings.
Http://news.chinawj.com.cn Editor: (Hardware Business Network Information Center) http://news.chinawj.com.cn

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