Electric vehicles are very common nowadays. Compared with traditional cars, there are big differences in the power system. The former uses batteries as the power, while the latter obtains energy by burning fossil fuels. Scientists have applied similar principles to the construction of electric rockets and represent a new direction for future rocket power. Mars spacecraft can be designed through electric propulsion technology, which is also the key to NASA’s deep space mission. Vlad Hlubi, president of Buzek Spacecraft Engines, believes that the current all-electric propulsion technology is becoming more and more mature and the use of all-electric propulsion spacecraft will be revived.
Power system consisting of four Buzek Hall effect thrusters
In 2012, Boeing designed an all-electric communications satellite program called 702SP. In April this year, satellite manufacturer orbital science company said it would develop its own all-electric power system. At present, there are two ways to realize all-electric spacecraft engines. Solar panel technology is used to convert energy from sunlight into electricity. Another method is to use nuclear fission to create all-electric spacecraft, but solar-based all-electric propulsion systems. Is the most common at present. Solar panel technology has gained popularity and its cost is getting cheaper and more efficient. As early as the 1970s, the Soviet Union developed the new rocket engine through Hall thruster technology for the first time. Its working principle is to accelerate the charged particles to generate thrust through the action of electric and magnetic fields.
The head of the Hall thruster at the Princeton Laboratory believes that Hall thrusters can replace chemical energy power to some extent. Japan's ostrich spacecraft uses electric propulsion. Compared to conventional chemical energy rockets, spacecraft equipped with an all-electric-power system can save a lot of fuel. According to Carpenter, a designer from the Rocket Engine Company's Aerojet Discovery System Department, electric propulsion is the most effective propulsion method, and the reduced mass of spacecraft can carry more instruments. But all-electric propulsion of spacecraft accelerates slowly and takes a long time to reach cruising speed.
The Mars mission may use an all-electric propulsion system. Carpenter believes that chemical power and electric propulsion can be used to accelerate spacecraft through traditional chemical energy rockets. In contrast, solar power propulsion is more suitable for unmanned spacecraft. In the long run, the nuclear power system is still the best choice for Mars.
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