(1) Flow chart of production process of compound feed
(B), the receipt of raw materials
1. Receiving bulk materials In bulk vehicles and trains, the dump trucks are weighed by the weighbridge and then discharged to the unloading pit.
2, the receipt of packaging materials: divided into manual handling and mechanical receiving two.
3, the receipt of liquid raw materials: bottled, armored can be directly moved into the warehouse by hand.
(III) Storage of raw materials
There are many raw materials and materials in the feed, and various types of silos must be used. The silos of the feed mills have two kinds of silos and room silos. The main raw materials such as corn, high grain and other cereal raw materials have good fluidity, are not easy to agglomerate, and are mostly stored in silos, while the auxiliary materials such as bran, soybean meal and other powdery raw materials have poor scattering properties and are easy to agglomerate after storage for a period of time. Discharge, using room storage.
(4) Cleaning of raw materials
The impurities in the feed ingredients not only affect the quality of the feed products, but also directly affect the feed processing equipment and personal safety. In severe cases, the entire equipment may be damaged, affecting the smooth progress of feed production, so it should be removed in time. The cleaning equipment of the feed mill is mainly based on screening and magnetic separation equipment. The screening equipment removes large and long debris such as stones, mud, and sacks in the raw materials, and the magnetic separation equipment mainly removes iron impurities.
(5), the crushing of raw materials
The process of feed comminution is based on the required particle size, feed variety and other conditions. According to the number of times of raw material pulverization, it can be divided into a primary pulverization process, a cyclic pulverization process According to the combination of the batching process, it can be divided into the first batching and the pulverizing process and the first pulverizing and batching process.
1. One-time pulverization process: It is the simplest, most common and original pulverization process. Whether it is a single raw material or a mixed raw material, it can be pulverized once. According to the number of pulverizers, it can be divided into single machine smashing and juxtaposition. For crushing, small-scale feed processing plants mostly use single-machine crushing. Medium-sized feed processing plants use two or more crushers in parallel. The disadvantages are uneven particle size and high power consumption.
2, the secondary pulverization process has three process forms, namely a single cycle pulverization process, a stage pulverization process and a tissue pulverization process. (1) Single-cycle secondary pulverization process The material is pulverized by a pulverizer and sieved, and the sieved material is returned to the original pulverizer for further pulverization. (2) Stage secondary pulverization process The basic setting of the process is to use two smashers with different sieves. Each of the two pulverizers is provided with a grading sieve, and the materials are first sieved through the first sieve to meet the particle size requirements. The material is directly passed to the mixer, and the sieved material enters the first pulverizer, and the pulverized material is then passed into a grading sieve for sieving. The materials meeting the particle size requirements enter the mixer, and the remaining sieve materials are pulverized into the second pulverizer, and then pulverized and then enter the mixer. (3) Combined secondary pulverization process This process uses different types of pulverizers in two pulverizations. The first use of a roller mill, after sieving through sieves, the sieved objects enter the mixer and the sieves Enter the hammer mill to perform the second pulverization.
3. After the first batching, the crushing process is firstly mixed and mixed according to the design of the feed formula, and then entered into the crusher for crushing.
4, the first pulverization and batching process This process first pulverizes the powder to be separately entered into the batching bin, and then batching and mixing.
(6), ingredient processing
At present, the commonly used processes include manual addition of ingredients, volumetric ingredients, one-in-one-scale batching ingredients, multi-storage scales, multi-storage and one-scale ingredients.
1. Manually adding ingredients Manually controlling the addition of ingredients is used in small feed processing plants and feed processing plants. This batching process is to manually weigh the various components of the ingredients, and then manually weigh the weighed materials. Into the mixer, because all manual measurement, manual ingredients, the process is extremely simple, equipment investment is small, product cost is reduced, measurement is flexible, accurate, but the manual operating environment is poor, labor intensity is high, labor productivity is very low, especially operation After a long period of labor, workers are prone to make mistakes.
2, volumetric ingredients each of the ingredient warehouse is equipped with a volumetric
3, a warehouse and a scale of ingredients
4, multi-storage scales ingredients
5, multi-storage scales and ingredients to group the measured materials according to their physical characteristics or weighing range, each group is equipped with the corresponding metering device
(7), mixed process
It can be divided into batch mixing and continuous mixing. The two batch mixing is to mix the various mixing components according to the proportion of the formula, and send them to the “batch mixer†which works periodically to mix in batches. It is convenient to change the formula in a mixed mode, and there is less intermixing between each batch. It is a mixed process that is generally applied at present, and the opening and closing operations are relatively frequent, so most of them adopt automatic program control. The continuous mixing process continuously measures various feed components simultaneously and proportionally synthesizes a stream containing various components. When the stream enters the continuous mixer, it is continuously mixed to form a uniform product. The flow, the advantage of this process is that it can be carried out continuously, and it is easy to be connected with the continuous operation such as pulverization and granulation, and does not need to be frequently operated during production, but the flow rate adjustment is troublesome and continuous in the case of changing the formula. There are more material residues in the conveying and continuous mixing equipment, so the problem of mutual mixing between the two batches of feed is more serious.
(8), granulation process
1. Quenching and tempering: Quenching and tempering is the most important part of the granulation process. The quality of the quenching and tempering directly determines the quality of the pellet feed. The purpose of quenching and tempering is to adjust the dry powder to a powdery feed with certain moisture and certain humidity to facilitate granulation. At present, China's feed mills complete the quenching and tempering process by adding steam.
2, granulation:
(1) Ring mold granulation: the material with uniform quenching and tempering is first removed by the security magnet, and then evenly distributed between the press mixing and the pressing mold, so that the material enters the pressing area from the pressing area of ​​the feeding area, and is pressed. The die hole is continuously squeezed to form a columnar feed, and as the die is rotated, the cutter fixed to the outside of the die is cut into a pellet-like feed.
(2) The material after the flat die granulation is mixed into the granulation system, the rotary hopper located at the upper part of the granulation system evenly spreads the material on the surface of the die, and then the material is pressed into the die hole by the rotary press mixing and The bottom is pressed out, and the rod-shaped feed coming out through the die hole is cut into a required length by a cutting roll.
3, cooling in the granulation process due to the introduction of high temperature, high humidity steam while the material is squeezed to produce a large amount of heat, so that when the pellet feed just out of the granulator, the water content is 16%-18%, the temperature is up to 75 °C -85 °C, under these conditions, the pellet feed is easily deformed and broken, and it will also cause bonding and mildew during storage. It must be reduced to below 14% and the temperature is lowered to 8 °C below the temperature. It needs to be cooled.
4, broken in the production process of the particle machine in order to save electricity, increase production, improve quality, often the material is first made into a certain size of the particles, and then crushed into qualified according to the particle size of the livestock and poultry feed product.
5. Screening: After the pellet feed is processed by the pulverization process, some powder clots and other materials that do not meet the requirements will be produced. Therefore, the crushed pellet feed needs to be sieved into products with uniform granules and uniform size.
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