Agro- pharmaceutical is the process of processing a specific chemical or a mixture thereof that is usually biologically active into a product suitable for the desired environment and exerting optimal biological performance; adverse effects on the applicator and the environment and harm to crops To the lowest limit.
(1) Old-type emulsifiable concentrate (EC) emulsifiable concentrate is a commonly used pesticide formulation, which contains a large amount of organic solvents such as xylene, which wastes petroleum resources and causes environmental pollution, and is transported, stored and stored due to the flammability of the solvent. The choice of container is also limited.
(2) suspension (Suspension ConcentrateSC) is insoluble or sparingly soluble in water by means of some solid additives original drug, by super fine crushing uniformly dispersed in water to form a suspension of small particles of high, stable flowable Liquid solid state system. The suspending agent is usually composed of an active ingredient, a dispersing agent, a thickening agent, an anti-precipitating agent, an antifoaming agent, an antifreezing agent, and water. The content of the active ingredient is generally from 5% to 50%. The average particle size is generally about 3; m. The dispersing agent has better dispersibility and spreadability, high suspending rate, strong adhesion to the surface of plant body, and resistance to rain erosion, so the efficacy is more significant than that of wettable powder. In the preparation of pesticide suspensions, it should be noted that: (1) the selected active ingredients are relatively stable to water, and the size of the original drug does not change during storage; (2) the viscosity of the preparation is suitable for low, and does not change with storage temperature. And change; (3) better naturally dispersed in water, and the diluent is relatively stable. Since the pesticide suspension agent is always present in the form of a concentrated suspension, chemical instability may occur during storage, especially for long-term storage, and in addition, physical stability problems are more often present. This usually involves three aspects: (1) flocculation and aggregation due to interaction between particles; (2) austenite crystal growth; (3) delamination and particle deposition due to gravity. To maintain the physical stability of the pesticide suspension during storage, it is necessary to control the accumulation, sedimentation and crystal growth of the suspension through formulation and processing.
(3) Emulsion in water EW and Microemulsion ME have received much attention. Water emulsions (dense emulsions) and microemulsions are prepared by dispersing liquid or semi-solid pesticide active ingredients in water, and the active ingredients must be stable in water for a long time. Under intense agitation, the original drug is dispersed in water by means of a suitable emulsifier, and then a milky or transparent liquid prepared by adding an auxiliary agent such as a stabilizer or an antifreezing agent is a stable dispersion system. The difference between the water emulsion and the microemulsion is that the particle size of the active ingredient dispersed in water is different, the former is 0.1-50; m, the appearance is milky white; the latter particle is ultrafine, 0.01-0.1; m, the appearance is transparent or Nearly transparent. The amount of emulsifier required to formulate a microemulsion is usually greater than the amount used to formulate an emulsifiable concentrate or water emulsion, sometimes up to 30%. Therefore, microemulsions are currently only suitable for high value-added crops such as fruit trees and vegetables.
Suspoemulsion SE is made up of water-insoluble pesticide raw powder and crude oil. It is formulated into a stable high-suspended emulsion system with water as a dispersion medium by means of various auxiliaries. It consists of an opal phase and a continuous phase, both of which have one or more active ingredients, but the active ingredient in the continuous phase is in the form of a solid dispersion. Therefore, it has the advantages of suspending agent and water emulsion, avoids the poisoning of pesticides and wettable powders to operators by organic solvents and dusts, and environmental pollution, and is safer to store and transport, and has excellent performance and high biological activity. The efficacy is also relatively long lasting. The suspending agent will gradually replace the wettable powder and become the main dosage form of the pesticide, and drive the development of pesticide dosage forms such as suspending agent (SE), water emulsion (EW) and water dispersible granule (WDG).
(4) Wettable powder (WP)
(5) Aqueous (also known as water-based) dosage form and water-dispersible granules (WDG).
The pesticide aqueous formulation forms water as a dispersion medium, and the pesticide raw material (solid or oily liquid) is suspended or emulsified and dispersed in water by the action of a dispersing agent or an emulsifier and other auxiliary agents. Compared with emulsifiable concentrate, it reduces a large amount of organic solvent; compared with wettable powder, it has no dust scattering; it has low toxicity and irritation to humans and animals; it can reduce the phytotoxicity to crops; In the process of storage and transportation, it causes combustion and has high safety.
(6) Microcapsule pesticide
The microcapsule pesticide is a microcapsule preparation formed by coating an active substance such as a solid or a liquid pesticide in a capsule wall material by using a microcapsule technique. The so-called microcapsule technology uses a technique in which a dispersed solid, liquid or gas is coated with a natural or synthetic polymer film-forming material to form fine particles. The film-forming material is called wall material, and the coated material is called core material. The particle size of the microcapsules is generally 1-800 micrometers. The technology separates the object from the surrounding environment through a closed or semi-permeable wall film to protect and stabilize the core material, shield the odor or color, and control the release of the core material. These functions make microencapsulation an effective commercial method in many industrial fields.
The first to introduce microcapsule pesticides to the market is Pennwalt in the United States. Its first product was microencapsulated methyl parathion introduced in 1974. Since then, the sustained release technology has received extensive attention in the pesticide industry. Every year, an "International Conference on Controlled Release of Pesticides" was held in the United States; the results of the exchange research were summarized. The company subsequently introduced microencapsulated diazinon, microencapsulated permethrin The herbicides DDT, pyrethrin, and chlormequat have been microencapsulated by various wall materials. By 1994, more than 50 kinds of microcapsule pesticides were commercialized.
Seed coating classification
First, according to the applicable crop classification: dryland crop seed coating agent refers to the seed coating agent suitable for dryland crops (including rice dry nursery). Paddy crop seed coating agent: refers to the seed coating agent suitable for paddy crops.
Second, according to the morphological classification: dry powder type seed coating agent, the active ingredient and the inactive ingredient are pulverized and mixed by air-drying, and the seed dressing is adopted. Suspension type seed coating agent: a suspension dispersion system in which an active ingredient and a part of inactive ingredients are wet-milled and mixed with other components, and is coated by atomization or the like. This type of seed coating is currently the mainstream type. Gel suspension type seed coating agent: a suspension suspension system in which an active ingredient is dissolved in a suitable solvent and an auxiliary agent and then mixed with an inactive ingredient.
Third, according to the use of physical classification: contains a large number of filler materials and adhesives, but does not contain chemically active ingredients, mainly used for rapeseed, tobacco and vegetables and other small particles seed pill coating. Chemical type: Contains chemical active substances such as pesticides, fertilizers and hormones. It has a comprehensive effect, but it is relatively easy to cause phytotoxicity. This kind of seed coating agent is currently the mainstream type, and it is also one of the main development directions of film coating agents in the future. Biotype: Contains microorganisms or secretions that are effective against crops. Special type: including seed coating agent with special purpose such as water storage, drought resistance, oxygen, weeding and regulation. Comprehensive type: It is the comprehensive application of the active ingredients of the above four kinds of coating agents.
4. Classification according to the use time: The current type of seed coating agent: the seed is coated with the seed coating agent within a few hours or days before sowing, and the film is solidified immediately after sowing, and the coated seed is not suitable for storage. Pre-packaged seed coating agent: seeds can be sown at any time after being coated with the seed coating agent, or can be stored for a certain period of time before being sown.
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