How to do scientific fertilization

Fertilization is an important measure to regulate crop nutrition, improve soil fertility, and make crops more productive. Fertilization is not as good as possible, but scientific fertilization is required. The core problem of scientific fertilization is to reduce the loss of fertilizer nutrients, obtain the highest yield with the least amount of fertilizer, and maximize the utilization rate of fertilizer. Second, adjust the application ratio of fertilizer and farmyard manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, Balanced fertilization of potassium fertilizer to improve soil fertility and prevent water and soil pollution. To this end, pay attention to the following points when fertilizing:

1. Use of chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure

Long-term use of chemical fertilizers alone will result in a decline in soil fertility, a decline in crop yield and quality, damage to ecological balance, and environmental pollution. The combination of chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure can improve crop nutrition, increase soil fertility, reduce fertilization costs, improve fertilization efficiency, increase crop yield and quality, and reduce environmental pollution. The two learn from each other's strengths and complement each other. It is generally believed that the ratio of fertilizer to farmyard manure is better in the range of 7:3 to 3:7.

2, a variety of nutrient balance supply

In 1989, the application rate of chemical fertilizers in China was N:P2 O5:K2 O=1:0.34:0.09, lower than the world average (1:0.47:0.37), resulting in phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency, and the proportion was imbalanced. According to crop and soil conditions, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used in proportion, and attention should be paid to the rational application of trace element fertilizers. Balance the supply of nutrients and give full play to the mutual promotion of fertilizers.

3. Fertilizer properties

There are many types of fertilizers and their properties vary. Before fertilization, comprehensive consideration should be given to the nutrient content, solubility, acidity and alkalinity of the fertilizer, side effects, and the interaction of the fertilizer after mixing to give full play to the economic benefits of the fertilizer.

4, crop characteristics

Different crop types require different amounts and proportions of various nutrients. For cereal crops, more nitrogen fertilizer is needed, and appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are needed. Leguminous plants have rhizobium at the roots, which can fix nitrogen in the air. Generally, no large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is needed, but more phosphorus is needed. Potash fertilizer. Crops have different requirements for the quantity, concentration and proportion of various nutrients in different growth stages. In the process of crop growth, there is often a period of demand for a certain nutrient is the most urgent, and the ability to absorb nutrients is the strongest. At this time, sufficient nutrients should be provided in time.

5. Soil condition

Before fertilization, soil properties such as soil organic matter and soil nutrient status, soil texture, soil acidity and alkalinity, and soil ripening degree should be determined to select suitable fertilizer varieties and determine a reasonable fertilization method.

6, climatic conditions

Climatic conditions such as light, temperature, and rainfall are important factors affecting the decomposition and transformation of soil nutrients and nutrients absorbed by crops, and should be considered.

7. Agricultural technical conditions

Agricultural technical conditions are closely related to fertilization effects, such as crop rotation system, farming methods, irrigation and drainage technologies, etc., which have a direct impact on fertilizer efficiency.

Therefore, we must not only understand the nutritional characteristics of crops, the types of crops and the nutrient requirements at different developmental stages, but also comprehensively consider the soil and climatic conditions, the nature of the fertilizer itself, use reasonable agricultural techniques, and fully exert the fertilizer efficiency to obtain high yield of crops. And stable production.

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